What is the origin of mass in the universe? Symmetry breaking. Symmetries in quantum mechanics result in 3 of the fundamental forces of nature - electromagnetic, weak and strong forces. However, the breaking of...

This constant represented by the Greek letter alpha is just a dimensionless number, so no matter what units you use, it will always have the same value, about 1/137. If it was different by just 4%, life may not...

How does the Higgs give mass to particles? How do elementary particles gain mass? All mass is Energy. 99% of the mass of an atom is contained in the binding energy within the nucleus. But about 1% of your mass is...

What is the God Particle? How does the Higgs Boson work? If you were a fish, would you know that the entire world in which you existed was contained in a substance called water? You probably wouldn’t know it because,...

if you took a notebook, a plastic bottle, a toaster, and a glass container and burned them in a fire hot enough, around 10^31 degrees Celsius, all the particles and forces, would become one entity. This is what...

Ordinary matter that we experience around us is really just made of 4 particles, the up and down quarks which make up the protons and neutrons in the nuclei of atoms, electrons which form a cloud around the...

In a classical universe, if we knew all the positions and velocities for all particles, we could predict the future and the past. Quantum mechanics is not like this. It shows that reality is not deterministic but is...

In 2012, the Higgs boson (the God Particle) was discovered. It's responsible for giving mass to fundamental particles. But the scientists never measured the particle. So how can scientists claim a discovery without...

Standard Model of particle physics, Explained simply. The structure of matter, that is, everything you see in the universe – you, me, the earth, stars happens to be made up of some core fundamental particles...

Many thanks and shout-out to David Tong's lecture on Quantum Fields for inspiring this video. I highly recommend his free lecture series. In my opinion, he and Richard Feynman are two of the best educators...

The gauge bosons of the standard model of particle physics are responsible for 3 of the 4 known forces in the universe. A force is conferred is through the exchange of virtual bosons. So for example in...

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Why are we here? Why is there something instead of nothing. Part of the answer is rooted in physics. Matter is not the simplest thing there could have been. The simplest thing In physics is...

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Quantum field theory or QFT is the basis of the best theory we have in physics today to explain nearly everything, called the Standard Model of particle physics. What is Quantum Field theory? Why is it...

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How is string theory related to quantum field theory? Quantum field theory (QFT) is a mathemat
ical
framework that is close to a theory of everything. It describes nearly all particles and forces...

Is a theory of everything really possible? What makes us think it even exists? If we look at historical precedent, we can see that we have united seemingly completely unrelated forces and particles to a...

Could the universe be in a metastable, or false vacuum state? Could there be a looming vacuum catastrophe waiting to happen? Is the universe doomed?



This is related to the Higgs boson and the heaviest...

Certain mathematical equations contain unnerving dangers, Arguably, E=mc^2 is the most famous equation in science. C is a very large number. But in Einstein’s, equation it is squared. This means that mass contains an insane...

Does a final theory exist that can end our reductionist probing into ever shorter distances? Or is there no end to reductionism? There should be an end point because as the object of our measurement gets small...

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In this video I explain what supersymmetry is, why physicists think it should exist, why we haven't discovered it, and why it is necess

ary.

There's a theoretical idea that could get...

SUMMARY

In April 2022, a team at Fermilab announced that the W-boson was measured to a new level of 7 sigma precision- 80.4335 giga electron volts (GeV) plus or minus 0.0094 GeV. However, this was not...

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Why Everything in the universe is a spring (kind of). Why everything is a spring. Classical springs like you might have in your mattress have a harmonic oscillation. And this behavior has a quantum...

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Where did the first atom come from? The short answer is the big bang. In the early universe there was an immense amount of energy, The energy condensed, atoms formed. But there's a lot more that...

Summary:

Everything you can see is made of up of the same fundamental particles. The best theory of fundamental particles and forces is the Standard model of particle physi

cs.

It’s really...

A fundamental particle, and the components from which protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei are made.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and...