{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Have We Only Discovered Half of Physics? Understanding Supersymmetry' data-url='/boclips/videos/689565b41e1ee9ae17f8fc0e' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/689565b41e1ee9ae17f8fc0e' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nHave We Only Discovered Half of Physics? Understanding Supersymmetry\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eSummary:In this video I explain what supersymmetry is, why physicists think it should exist, why we haven't discovered it, and why it is necessary. There's a theoretical idea that could get us closer to a theory of everything, and could...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eSummary:\u003cbr/\u003eIn this video I explain what supersymmetry is, why physicists think it should exist, why we haven't discovered it, and why it is necessary. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThere's a theoretical idea that could get us closer to a theory of everything, and could fix gaps in the standard model - supersymmetry, which is the idea that matter particles and force carrying particles are connected through a new kind of symmetry. Although there's no experimental confirmation of this symmetry, it's still important because in physics, symmetries can be broken. And a broken supersymmetry could still explain a lot. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eSupersymmetry is important because if it’s true, it could solve a few problems in physics: 1) it could explain the hierarchy problem with the Higgs boson – why it has a such a low mass. 2) it could unite 3 of the fundamental forces - the strong force with the electroweak force, and 3) it could provide a perfect candidate for the dark matter particle.  \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eWhat is supersymmetry? Why is this idea important? \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eA symmetry in physics exists if you can make a change and that change makes no difference. The physics governing the laws of the universe seem to be based on symmetries. Several fundamental symmetries exist in nature, including charge, parity and time. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eCharge symmetry means that if you flip the charges of all the particles in an interaction, you'll get the same interaction. Parity is if you look at the mirror image of an interaction, you get the same result. And time symmetry is when you run an interaction backward in time, it looks the same. Together, they are called CPT for charge, parity, and time. Physicists have never observed a violation of all three symmetries (CPT) at the same time. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eSymmetries are important in finding a theory of everything because if we find that the universe obeys certain symmetries, then this would limit the number of ways that the universe could be organized. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eSupersymmetry, or SUSY, is a symmetry between matter particles and force particles. The key difference between these two types of particles is spin. All matter particles have a spin of ½. All Bosons in the have a spin of 0 or 1. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eWhat is spin? Spin doesn’t mean that the quantum object is spinning like a planet. It is related to the way particles are deflected through a magnetic field. They act like a spinning magnet, but that is probably not actually what's physically happening. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eIt seems a bit arbitrary that there should be many more matter particles than force carrying particles. Why should the universe favor matter over the forces? If SUSY exists, then each fermion has a supersymmetric counterpart that is a boson. And all mirror particles of the bosons would be fermions. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe naming convention for the supersymmetric counterparts of the fermions is that we add an “s” in front of the names of the quarks and leptons. Likewise, the mirror particles of the bosons, which are fermions gets a suffix “ino”. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eWhat is the point of all this? Is it really important that there are an equal number of bosons and fermions? We cannot be sure of that. But there are some reasons why such a theory could be desirable. \u003cbr/\u003e It would solve the low mass problem of the Higgs boson.\u003cbr/\u003e It would unify 3 fundamental forces: electromagnetism, the strong and the weak force.\u003cbr/\u003e It provides a solution to dark matter.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003esupersymmetric particles are probably very massive because if they were light, we would have detected them in particle accelerators by now, given the energies we can produce. Since we haven’t detected them, scientists believe that they must have more energy (or mass) than can be produced at our most advanced particle accelerator, the LHC – perhaps 1000X or more than the mass of the proton.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eShouldn’t supersymmetric particles have a mass just like ordinary particles, but just with different spins?  Well, in physics symmetries can be broken. 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