{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='A Visual Guide to Fundamental Forces and Particles' data-url='/boclips/videos/689559dc8b3f8d9d4df8e326' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/689559dc8b3f8d9d4df8e326' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nA Visual Guide to Fundamental Forces and Particles\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eSummary:Everything you can see is made of up of the same fundamental particles. The best theory of fundamental particles and forces is the Standard model of particle physics.  It’s really a collection of quantum field theories describing...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eSummary:\u003cbr/\u003eEverything you can see is made of up of the same fundamental particles. The best theory of fundamental particles and forces is the Standard model of particle physics.  \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eIt’s really a collection of quantum field theories describing the strong, weak, electromagnetic force, \u0026 more. This video shows a different way to visualize the standard model.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003ePhysicist, Chris Quigg, conceptualized the visualization. To build an atom, we need quarks. Neutrons and protons are made of either 2 up and 1 down quarks, or 2 down and 1 up quarks respectively.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe up quark has a charge of +2/3. The down quark has a charge of -1/3. So the total charge of protons is +1 \u0026 the total charge of neutrons is zero. We have two classes of matter particles, leptons and quarks. Matter particles have a property of spin - clockwise or counterclockwise. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eDepending on the spin in relation to its direction of motion, it is classified as right or left-handed. Quarks come in both types, left \u0026 right-handed. Left handed up and down quarks can transform into each other via an interaction of the weak force. This is called a charged weak force interaction and is mediated by a W+ boson or a W- boson. For unknown reasons, this interaction does NOT happen with right handed quarks. This means that right-handed quarks cannot change into other quarks and remain the same particle always. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe quarks also have a color charge, red, blue, and green. This charge allows quarks to interact via the strong force, which is mediated by a boson - the gluon. This interaction allows 3 quarks of different colors to be bound together to make a proton or neutron in the nucleus of atoms. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eQuarks by themselves can never be observed, since only colorless particles can be observed. A colorless particle can be formed only by either combining quarks of 3 different colors, or by combining quarks \u0026 anti-quarks. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThese color rules come from the strong force. We force is shown as a triangle between the different colors. Note that the strong force does not discriminate between left and right handedness.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis strong force is mediated by particle called the gluons - 8 different ones with different combinations of color. Gluons act as a mechanism to transfer colors from one quark to another. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe second class of matter particles are leptons. There are two types - electrons with a charge of -1, and neutrinos with 0 charge. the charged weak force on works with left handed electrons and neutrinos.\u003cbr/\u003e \u003cbr/\u003eBoth left-handed and right-handed electrons exist, but only left handed neutrinos exist. Leptons do not have any color charge, \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThere are 15 particles so far. But for unknown reasons the universe contains 3 generations of particles. Each generation contains the same number of particles. So there are a total of 45. The only difference between them is that each generation is heavier than the other. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eRegarding non-matter particles, the bosons, the strong force is mediated by gluons which only interacts with colored particles. Electric charge is mediated by photons, which interacts will all matter particles. The weak force interacts with only left-handed matter particles. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eA 3rd boson is involved in weak interactions - Z boson, with 0 electrical charge. The Z only transfers momentum, spin and energy between particles. This is called a \"weak neutral current.\" The neutral weak and electromagnetic force can interact with both left- and right-handed particles. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eFinally, the Higgs boson gives mass to all massive particles. It connects to all of them, except neutrino, so their apparent mass is a mystery.  The Higgs doesn’t care about right and left-handedness. Glouns and photons do not interact with Higgs, so have 0 mass.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe final count is 58 - 45 matter particles, 8 gluons, 3 weak bosons, 1 photon and 1 Higgs. This number rises to 103 if antimatter particles are included\u003cbr/\u003e#particlephysics\u003cbr/\u003e#quantumphysics\u003cbr/\u003eNote that the standard model only tells us what the visible universe is made of - dark matter, dark energy, neutrino masses, quantum gravity \u0026 matter-antimatter asymmetry are unanswered.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv 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