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Decoding the Photoelectric Effect: How It Works
The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon that occurs when light, consisting of photons, interacts with the inner structure of an atom. Photons carry a specific amount of energy proportional to their frequency, which is transferred to an...
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Drawbacks of Rutherford's Theory
Rutherford's Nuclear Model: Limitations and Developments • Stability of Electrons in Orbit: The model failed to account for the continuous emission of electromagnetic radiation, indicating a flaw in the model. • Inability to Explain...
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Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment : Tiny Drops, Big Discoveries
Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment: A Discovery and Impact Experimental Setup: • The experiment involved measuring the force on charged oil droplets suspended between two metal plates. • The apparatus included an atomizer, observation...
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Why does chemistry happen?! Element Stability and the Octet Rule!
Why does chemistry happen?? Why do ions form?? Why do elements bond together?? These are all important questions and the answer comes back to one very important principle in chemistry and that is element stability. Elements are stable...
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Neutron
Particles found in the nuclei of atoms, which have a similar mass to a proton, but no electric charge. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions....
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Electron
The tiny particles within all atoms that carry a negative electric charge. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary Films...
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Electron shell
An orbit around the nucleus of an atom that can be occupied by one or more electrons. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science...
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Ionisation
The process of stripping electrons from, or adding them to, atoms or molecules to produce charged ions. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions....
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Emission
The release of electromagnetic radiation, often in the form of light, from an atom or molecule. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig...
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Reduction
Any chemical reaction in which oxygen is removed from a substance. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary Films reinforce...
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Aurora
Also known as the Northern or Southern Lights. Natural displays of light in the polar regions, clearly visible in the night sky. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and...
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How Do Lasers Work?
Concentrated light can be incredibly powerful and useful. Learn how laser beams are produced by controlling how atoms emit photons of light. Physics - Waves - Learning Points. Lasers are photons of the same frequency going in the same...
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Waves in Medicine
The properties of high frequency electromagnetic radiation are incredibly important in the world of medicine, allowing physicians to look inside the human body and even combat cancer. Physics - Waves - Learning Points. X-rays and gamma...
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Atom Structure: Electron Shells
Learn why electron shells are responsible for the properties of elements, and whether they are stable or have violent reactions. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. An element's reactivity is determined by the number of...
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Alkali Metals
Witness the exciting reactions that occur when alkali metals come into contact with other substances. What does this tell us about their properties? Chemistry - Periodic Table - Learning Points. The alkali metals make up Group 1 of the...
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Water Forces
The unique force created by hydrogen bonding gives water some unique properties, which seem to defy the laws of nature. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Hydrogen bonding is a special force of attraction between water...
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Reactivity Series: Comparing the Reactivity of Group 1 and Group 2 Metals
We compare the reactivity of Group 1 and Group 2 metals. We add sodium and then potassium to water. We observe the reactions. Next we add magnesium and then calcium to hydrochloric acid and observe the reactions. The results let us put...
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Van de Graaff Generator
We use a Van de Graaff generator to investigate static electricity. The generator is turned on and we see a spark move between the two domes. We then place a wig on the main dome and see the hair rise as the charge builds and the hairs...
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Ionic Bonding
How metals and non-metals combine to form compounds with unique and very different properties. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. An electrically charged atom is called an ion. Ionic bonds are very strong. Ions are formed...
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What is an Atom?
From our bodies to the oceans and stars, everything is made of millions upon millions of tiny atoms. But what are atoms made of? Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. The building blocks of all elements are called atoms. Atoms...
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Atomic Structure
What does the Periodic Table tell us about the elements, their properties and behaviours? And why does the atomic number define each element? Chemistry - Periodic Table - Learning Points. The structure of the atom reveals why the...
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The Halogens
Halogens are hazardous to human life, yet they can also be very useful. How do they react when they meet other elements? Chemistry - Periodic Table - Learning Points. The halogens are the elements in Group 7 of the periodic table. The...
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Northern Lights
Discover how the chemical reactions which produce the extraordinary colours of the Northern Lights have their origins in outer space. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Aurora Borealis, or Northern Lights, is a natural...
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Antimatter
Matter composed of antiparticles. For every particle of ordinary matter there is a corresponding antiparticle which has the same mass but the opposite charge. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds...