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Explore India
New ReviewOne of the most diverse nations, India is best understood as a land of contrasts. From its vast deserts to its snowy mountain peaks, India is home to many different ethnicities and cultural traditions that can be traced back more than...
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India History
New ReviewThe first organized state in India came into being around 3000 BCE along the Indus River Valley in what is now Pakistan. Over the centuries, kingdoms rose, flourished, and fell, eventually leading to British colonization and subsequently...
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Hong Kong Developing Trust
New ReviewEstablishing trust is essential for business success, and even more so in Hong Kong. Hong Kongers take a long-term approach to business relationships, and developing trust with colleagues and clients is crucial. Yes, developing these...
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Hong Kong Business Culture
New ReviewHong Kong’s cultural customs and business practices are a fascinating blend of East and West—which is why it’s so important to understand local business protocol and how the market has evolved over the past three decades. While Chinese...
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Germany Negotiation
New ReviewNegotiating in Germany can be long and arduous. Be prepared to have everything you say—as well as your appearance, demeanor, and manners—subjected to considerable scrutiny. Every detail of your presentation will be dissected, and the...
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Germany Management Practices
New ReviewIn Germany, the size of a company usually determines its hierarchical structure. In larger companies, upper management consists of a board of managing directors, vorstand or aufsichtsrat, which makes major decisions. In smaller...
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Germany Leisure Time
New ReviewIn Germany, the concept of leisure time, or frei zeit, is a unique one that dates back to the Middle Ages. For Germans, leisure time is synonymous with fulfillment and individual freedom. Germans work the least of all the industrialized...
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Developing a Global Mindset
New ReviewOver time, the expansion of trade and the exchange of ideas and cultures have led to an increasingly interconnected global economy. As countries, companies, and people reassess how to operate globally, it’s clear that the way we interact...
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Power vs Equality
New ReviewNot all cultures view power from the same perspective. In Sweden, Norway, and Israel, for example, respect for equality is a warranty of freedom. Both managers and subordinates have carte blanche to speak their minds. People in these...
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Communicating Virtually Across Cultures
New ReviewGlobalization has increased our interactions and communications with colleagues around the world. It’s tempting to think that just because we have access to phones and teleconferencing platforms, communications are the same everywhere....
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Standing & Space
New ReviewOne important nonverbal cultural cue is physical proximity to others. For instance, how close do you stand to others? What is your comfort zone? Standing distances shrink and expand across cultures. Learn how people might mark their...
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Culture's Impact on Body Language
New ReviewIn most cultures, nonverbal behavior can be as impactful as spoken words. How we gesture, twitch, and scrunch up our face represents a guide to our emotions. Being able to suitably read—and broadcast—body language can significantly up...
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Hierarchy and Authority
New ReviewPower distance and how local cultures view hierarchy are very important. Curious about the meaning of power distance? Power distance refers to how openly a society or culture accepts or does not accept differences between people. Explore...
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Each Person Belongs to Several Cultures
New ReviewWhere does a culture begin and end? The answer is not always clear-cut. Culture is a complex concept. Some cultures fall within geographic boundaries, while others overlap. In addition to national culture, there are cultures based on...
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Culture Consists of Many Factors
New ReviewThere are a number of factors that constitute a culture—manners, mind-set, rituals, laws, ideas, and language, to name a few. External factors that also comprise a culture include religious beliefs, arts, customs, beliefs, ceremonies,...
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Understanding Your Own Frame of Reference
New ReviewIt’s true—we naturally view behavior through our own cultural shade. We share common values with members in our own culture, and our values often differ from those of our colleagues and counterparts around the world. Each of us is raised...
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How Do Others See My Culture?
New ReviewCulture certainly shapes our perspective. To accept cultural differences, we often employ generalizations to help us understand aspects of a culture. However, cultures and values are not static entities. Gain insight into how cultures...
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Why Does Culture Matter?
New ReviewMany people hear about culture and immediately think about protocol—a list of do’s and don’ts by country. But understanding culture is so much more than learning about proper gestures and acceptable etiquette. One must consider people’s...
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What is Culture?
New ReviewCulture is, in essence, a shared set of attitudes, beliefs, values, mind-sets, and practices of a group of people. Culture includes behavior patterns and norms of that group—the rules, the assumptions, the perceptions, and the logic and...
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Indonesia Values and Belief Systems
New ReviewTogetherness defines the collectivist rhythm of Indonesians’ lives. In Indonesian society, the role of the individual is subordinate to that of the group. Although development has brought many imported, impersonal elements of urban life...
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South Africa Social Interactions
New ReviewSouth Africans tend to be rather formal when you first meet them. But as long as you stick to the norms of behavior accepted in most places, interacting and living with them should be relatively easy. Cultural norms differ from one...
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Japan Leisure Activities
New ReviewThe Japanese love the physical pleasures in life, including drinking, dancing, and adult nightlife. Explore the range of entertainment options, from stylish bars and foreign-influenced pubs to movie-going and the arts. The Japanese enjoy...
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Japan Values
New ReviewMany of the values and basic assumptions the Japanese make about life have their origins in Buddhism and Shintoism. The primacy of the group or the collective good and the value placed on maintaining harmony are particularly strong and...
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Japan Education
New ReviewEducation plays such a key role in Japanese life, it's hard to overestimate its importance. Whether a child gets into the right school early on determines whether he or she will attend the right university—which, in turn, can determine...