Pupil outcome: I can understand what context is and how to weave it into my responses. Key learning points: - Context refers to historical, social, literary and biographical information. - Context should not be presented as isolated...

In March, the German national parliament in Frankfurt finalized a constitution for a united Germany, proposing a constitutional monarchy under Frederick William of Prussia. However, when Frederick declined the offer, citing a lack of...

In 1848, following unrest in Berlin, King Frederick William of Prussia reasserted control, dispersing the Prussian assembly with military force and implementing a conservative constitution. Meanwhile, Otto von Bismarck and Louis...

In the spring of 1848, conservative governments across Europe began to counter the revolutionary wave that had spread rapidly. In Prague, Czech students clashed with Austrian forces, while in Italy, King Carlo Alberto of...

In 1848, amid growing economic crisis and widespread dissatisfaction with King Louis-Philippe's rule, revolution broke out in France. Protests escalated into violent confrontations, forcing the king to abdicate and flee, leading...

The revolutionary fervor of 1848 spread across Europe, driven by the lingering impact of Napoleon and the French Revolution. Liberals and nationalists, frustrated with the reactionary post-1815 conservative order, sought greater...

By 1848, Europe was engulfed in revolutionary fervor, driven by demands for democratic reforms and national autonomy. While some countries embraced change, like Denmark and the Netherlands, others, such as Russia under Emperor Nicholas...

Author and independent scholar Pankaj Mishra describes how, just as a skillful novelist sheds light on the motivations of her protagonists, a questioning of the motivations of those in central positions of authority will help us better...

A summary of the Conservative ideology with a emphasis on the difference between social & economic views.

What are the authors impressions of how democracies have changed and how have they evolved over time?<br/>
How the Cold War Shaped Western Democracy with Simon Reid-Henry, Part 5

Over recent years there's been a lot of talk about populism around the world. People have accused people like Trump, Erdogan and Johnson of being populist and we're now looking at what they actually do. What does it mean to be populist,...

Lewis Gordon graduated in 1984 from Lehman College, CUNY, through the Lehman Scholars Program, with a Bachelor of Arts degree, magna cum laude and as a member of Phi Beta Kappa. He completed his Master of Arts and Master of Philosophy...

This week we celebrate our 175th anniversary with a manifesto for renewing liberalism through a programme of radical reform. But what does this entail?

Populists argue that liberals have become too elite and are out of touch with the concerns of ordinary people. But what exactly are the principles of liberalism and what has it ever done for Western societies?

A summary of social liberalism through the lens of political ideology.

Top questions and answer for Liberalism.