This is a love letter to water, life’s solvent, and one of the most wonderful molecules around. In this episode of Crash Course Biology, we’ll learn about how water’s polarity and hydrogen bonding help it sustain life on a larger scale....

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Future advances in engineering may come from chemistry. From molecular motors to salt-shaker-drug-deliverers, the future looks small.

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In this video Paul Andersen explains the importance of intermolecular forces in chemistry. Intermolecular forces exist between dipoles (like hydrogen bonds), between dipoles and induced dipoles (like Ar and HCl) and between induced...

After a polypeptide is produced in protein synthesis, it's not necessarily a functional protein yet! Explore protein folding that occurs within levels of protein structure with the Amoeba Sisters! Primary, secondary, tertiary, and...

Explore some properties of water with the Amoeba Sisters! It's all about those hydrogen bonds.

Scientists have successfully created synthetic DNA with twice as many base pairs as normal, with potential implications in medicine, data storage, and even understanding how life could evolve elsewhere in the universe.

We all have really different looking locks but what actually make our hair straight or curly?

Whether you’ve got a lot of hair or absolutely none, it’s one of those things all of us have thought about at some point. And we’ve ended up with some… questions.

Paul Andersen explains the importance and structure of nucleic acids. He begins with an introduction to DNA and RNA. He then describes the important parts of a nucleotide and shows how they are connected through covalent and hydrogen...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how the structure of a biomolecule fits the function of the biomolecule. For example and enzyme must interact correctly with a substrate to lower the activation energy, The covalent and non-covalent...

Molecules come in infinite varieties, so in order to help the complicated chemical world make a little more sense, we classify and categorize them. One of the most important of those classifications is whether a molecule is...

In this video Paul Andersen describes the intermolecular forces associated with dipoles. A dipole is a molecule that has split charge. Dipole may form associations with other dipoles, induced dipoles or ions. An important type of...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how the polarity of water makes life on the planet possible. Oxygen is highly electronegative and pulls the electrons closely creating a partial negative charge. The polarity of water (and the...

Hank imagines himself breaking into the Hot Pockets factory to steal their secret recipes and instruction manuals in order to help us understand how the processes known as DNA transcription and translation allow our cells to build proteins.

If your hair gets frizzy when the humidity is high, try not to think of it as a bad hair day—you're really just a human hygrometer!

Paul Andersen explains the structure and importance of proteins. He describes how proteins are created from amino acids connected by dehydration synthesis. He shows the importance of chemical properties in the R-groups of individual...

Paul Andersen begins with a brief description of NASA discoveries related to Mars, Mercury and water. He then explains why water is required for life. He finally uses a simulation to show you why water acts as a wonderful solvent and...

Proteins, and by extension our bodies, depend on the fact that atoms are arranged, spaced, and linked to each other in specific ways. And thanks to June Sutor, we have a better understanding of how those atoms come together and interact...

Paul Andersen describes the molecular structure of DNA. He describes the major parts of a nucleotide and explains how they are assembled into a nucleic acid. The nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group make up a single...

The video contains tricks to easily remember point mutations

Pyrosequencing is a DNA sequencing-by-synthesis method that detects light emitted during nucleotide incorporation, offering a faster and more cost-effective alternative to the traditional Sanger method. It uses a cascade of enzymatic...

Water evaporates at room temperature because the molecules at the top of the liquid have less intermolecular attraction than those within the bulk. When the top layer is exposed to sunlight, some molecules gain enough kinetic energy to...