There is more going on under the surface of Ernest Hemingway's work than one can glean in an initial reading. A literature resource compares the themes and structures of several of Hemingway's works before prompting class members to use the metaphor of an iceberg to craft their own under-the-surface writing.

Concepts

ernest hemingway, elements of a short story, plot elements, narrative essays, novel writing, literary analysis

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Additional Tags

english language arts

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Instructional Ideas

• Incorporate the themes from each story into an overarching theme for your literature unit
• Use the lesson as a transition into a unit for one of Hemingway's novels, such as The Old Man and the Sea or The Sun Also Rises
• Project the iceberg graphic organizer onto the board for class members to work on collaboratively

Classroom Considerations

• Does not include the text for the stories beyond a few excerpts
• Consider retyping the information on the flowcharts to make it more readable

Pros

• Uses details from several of Hemingway's stories, including "Indian Camp," "One Night Last Summer," and "The Short and Happy Life of Francis Macomber," and collections of short stories, such as In Our Time and The Nick Adams Stories
• Addresses plot, theme, setting, perspective, and other elements of literature

Cons

• None

Common Core

RL.9-10.2 RL.9-10.3 RL.9-10.5 RL.9-10.6 RL.9-10.9 RL.11-12.2 RL.11-12.3 RL.11-12.5 RL.11-12.6 RH.11-12.9