How U.S. city officials responded to the 1918 pandemic played a critical role in how many residents lived and died. In the late summer of 1918, the devastating second wave of the Spanish flu arrived on America's shores. Carried by World War I doughboys returning home from Europe, the newly virulent virus spread from Boston to San Francisco. the Spanish flu killed an estimated 675,000 Americans. Certain U.S. cities fared far worse than others; check out the evidence of what made the difference.

Concepts

pandemics

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Additional Tags

1918 spanish flu, should they close schools and ban all public gatherings?, should they require every citizen to wear a gauze face mask?, world war i doughboys returning home, comparison of philadelpha and st. louis, photo galleries, influenza pandemic 1918-1919

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Classroom Considerations

• Knovation Readability Score: 5 (1 low difficulty, 5 high difficulty)