Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: The 1890s: End of an Era and the Quest for Civil Rights
Part of an online exhibit called "Forever Free," this section deals with African Americans' efforts to establish themselves in society, despite increases in racism. Addresses topics such as Black Codes, Jim Crow Laws, and voting rights.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Texas Treasures: The Republic of Texas
Here is an overview of the problems facing the young Republic of Texas. Hyperlinks to additional information.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Hard Road to Texas 1836 1845: Texas Breaks Away Alone in the Wilderness
Read about the effects of the Texas Revolution. How did Americans react? How did the annexation process begin, and what roadblocks were there? Find the answers to these questions, and check out a map of Texas from 1836 and other primary...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Hard Road to Texas 1836 1845: Aftermath the Reckoning
What happened in the 15 years that followed the annexation of Texas? How did the Mexican War end? Read this article to learn about the aftermath of the annexation, and check out primary documents--a "moral map" of the United States and a...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Hard Road to Texas 1836 1845: International Matter: Texas Finds a Champion
Read about the failed attempts U.S. President John Tyler made in the annexation of Texas? Find the answer to this question and check out primary texts from this period in Texas' history.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Hard Road to Texas 1836 1845: The Annexation Treaty
Isaac Van Zandt championed for U.S. annexation, despite the possibility of war and political uproar. Read about the annexation treaty in its infancy, the people involved, and the signing of the treaty in 1844.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Hard Road to Texas 1836 1845: A Treaty of Annexation Tyler's Failed Gamble
Read about the part the question of the annexation of Texas played in the election of 1844 and the machinations of several politicians in addressing this question.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Hard Road to Texas 1836 1845: The Final Showdown Starting Over Again
What happened after the annexation treaty failed? Read primary documents to explore this period of Texas' history and learn about the people involved in this event.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Hard Road to Texas 1836 1845: The Final Showdown the Crisis
The opposition against Texas' annexation was strong, and supporters faced challenges between Polk's election and inauguration. What lead up to the passing of the Texas annexation? Check out primary texts to explore this time in Texas'...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Hard Road to Texas 1836 1845: The Election of 1844
Read about the election of 1844 and the views of the two candidates, James Polk and Henry Clay.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Hard Road to Texas 1836 1845: The Final Showdown Texas Makes Its Choice
In 1845, Texas finally became part of the United States after years of violence, opposition, and political struggles. At this site, you can check out the text of the Ordinance of Annexation and other primary texts that will help you...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Native American Relations in Texas: Spanish & Mexican Policy
How were the Native Americans of Texas affected by the Spanish rule from 1716 to 1821? How did Indian life change when Texas was led by Stephen F. Austin? This article addresses the relations between Indians and white settlers, as well...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Hazardous Business: The Oil Wars
Part of a lengthy discussion of the oil business in Texas, the first two pages of this site give the early history of the oil industry in Texas.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Beginnings of the Movement: All Men Are Created Equal
Women had very few rights in the early days of American democracy, and the right to vote "remained in the hands of wealthy white land-owners." Explore the early stirrings of the women's rights and suffrage movement in Texas. Check out...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Beginnings of the Movement: African American Men Get the Vote
Explore the ways in which the women's suffrage movement, after African-American men were given the right to vote, fell short. Read texts from this period of time.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Texas Joins the Battle: A Haunting Question
Suffragists in Texas attempted to have their voice heard. However, the issue of race often tore these women apart, and ultimately ended the Texas Equal Rights Association in 1896. Explore the words and strategies of this period's...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: The Movement Comes of Age: Women's Clubs
Read how women formed strong clubs and organization to strengthen the women's movement during late 19th and early 20th centuries. These groups not only endorsed women's suffrage, but also made way for the formation of the PTA, more...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: The Movement Comes of Age: The Legal Staus of Women in Texas, 1909
Suffragist Mrs. W.B. Wynne published "The Legal Status of Woman in Texas" as part of her fight for women's rights. Check out images of the original document, a portrait of Wynne, and a brief commentary.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: The Movement Comes of Age: c.b. Randell to Erminia Folsom, 1910
Choice Boswell Randell, who ran for Senate in 1912, was outspoken against women's suffrage. Read a letter in which he "exposes a common argument in the South against women's suffrage." Includes images of the original letter and...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: The Movement Comes of Age: Erminia Thompson Folsom to Annette Finnigan 1912
What was going on in Texas during the women's suffrage movement of the early 20th century? Read the letter at this site to read about the efforts of Texan suffragists. Also, learn about the various organizations such as the Texas Equal...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: The Movement Comes of Age: Holland's Magazine, March May, 1913
This site offers excerpts from an essay content sponsored by "Holland's" magazine. The topic: women's suffrage. A good place to get the ideas and perspectives of real women from the early 20th century, and to learn how suffragists spread...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: The Movement Comes of Age: Suffrage Map, Austin Woman Suffrage Association
Here is an interesting "Suffrage Map," showing which states had granted women the right to vote by 1913. Read how the women's voting movement was, unfortunately, soiled by racism, as shown through the map's text, "Won't You Help Us Make...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: The Movement Comes of Age: Anna Howard Shaw to Erminia Folsom, Mar 15, 1910
Read about Anna Howard Shaw, who briefly served as the head of the National American woman Suffrage Association. Here is a brief bio on her, a two-page letter she wrote, and a portrait.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: The Movement Comes of Age: Carrie Chapman Catt to Erminia Folsom, Jan 1909
Read about the life of Carrie Chapman Catt, who briefly served as the president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association following Susan B. Anthony. This site also provides a letter she wrote to Texas suffragist Erminia Folsom.