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Stanford University

Relevance Logic/stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

For Students 9th - 10th
Discusses the topic of relevance (or relevant) logics. Presents the theory and applications of relevance logic, which attempts to resolve "fallacies of relevance."
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Stanford University

Stanford Ency. Of Philosophy: Paraconsistent Logic

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy discusses the logical theory of true contradictions, known as paraconsistent logic. Article addresses the history of the theory's development and a technical presentation of its...
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Dialetheism

For Students 9th - 10th
Describes the notion of "dialetheism," the logical theory of true contradictions. Explains its history of development, its philosophical consequences, and its significance for rationality. Excellent bibliography.
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Stanford University

Stanford Ency. Of Philosophy: Logical Construction

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy discusses Bertrand Russell's notion of "logical construction" and its influence in the development of logical positivism. Mostly historical in orientation and is accessible to those...
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Logical Form

For Students 9th - 10th
A terrific introduction from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy to the conventions of notation and form in logic, and indeed to logical philosophy in general. Discusses the logical semantics of propositions, description, analysis,...
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Singular Propositions

For Students 9th - 10th
Helpful introduction to the mechanics of using "propositions" technically in logic. Article defines several important terms and uses good examples to contrast different types of propositions.
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Russell's Paradox

For Students 9th - 10th
Explains briefly the history and significance of Russell's famous logical paradox. Includes links to other Russell-related websites. Uses a minimum of technical notation.
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Phil.: Principia Mathematica

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy briefly explains the history and significance of the famous logical treatise by Whitehead and Russell. Lists the table of contents from each of its three volumes.
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Stanford University

Stanford Encycl. Of Philosophy: Alfred North Whitehead

For Students 9th - 10th
A biography of Alfred North Whitehead. It lists major events of his life in a chronology, summarizes his philosophical influence, and provides a bibliography both of his own writings and of secondary sources about him.
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Stanford University

Saint Anselm: The Theistic Proofs

For Students 9th - 10th
Explains Anselm's famous method of "faith seeking understanding" in the context of his ontological proof of the existence of God. Anselm's arguments are carefully enumerated in both the "Monologion" and "Proslogion", and then are...
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Turing Machine

For Students 9th - 10th
Explains what a Turing machine is and how one works.
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Stanford University

Stanford Encycl. Of Philosophy: Epistemology of Religion

For Students 9th - 10th
Excellent article examining several contemporary epistemological proposals for understanding "faith" philosophically. First discusses "evidentialism", then subjects it to critiques from several differing perpectives. Clearly written but...
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Miracles

For Students 9th - 10th
Excellent essay from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy on the philosophical response to "miraculous" events. Discusses the issues at stake in theories of causation, as well as Hume's famous refutation of miracles. Includes lengthy...
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Stanford University

Stanford Ency. Phiosophy: Deflationary Theory of Truth

For Students 9th - 10th
Sophisticated presentation from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy of a variety of deflationary theories of truth. Begins with a simple explanation and examples, but soon enlists somewhat technical language to explain subtler...
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Stanford University

Stanford Encycl. Of Philosophy: Identity Theory of Truth

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy explains the identity theory of truth as a variant of correspondence theories of truth. Presents the most important sources of the theory, arguments for and against it, and a...
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Virtue Epistemology

For Students 9th - 10th
Article from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy addresses issues of epistemic justication in the contemporary theory of "virtue epistemology." Author presents a half-dozen varieties of the theory, considering specific arguments for...
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Stanford University

Leibniz on the Problem of Evil/sep

For Students 9th - 10th
Excellent discussion of Leibniz's famous attempt at resolving the "problem of evil." Addresses Leibniz's different arguments in justification of the Christian God, many of which are still debated by contemporary philosophy of religion....
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Jacques Maritain

For Students 9th - 10th
Presents the life and thought of the notable 20th century Thomist, Jacques Maritain. Discusses his epistemology, aesthetics, and social thought, and evaluates his contemporary influence.
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Pantheism

For Students 9th - 10th
Excellent, in-depth article from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy introducing the metaphysical beliefs and religious practices of pantheism. Pantheism is treated as both a philosophy and a religion. Author consider arguments and...
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Pascal's Wager

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy discusses the philosophical and logic merits of Pascal's Wager, as well as the objections against it. Begins with a short historical and philosophical background to put the Wager in...
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Plato's Ethics

For Teachers 9th - 10th
This encyclopedia entry provides an extensive discussion on Plato's Ethics and his attempt to create a philosophy of achieving the highest aim of moral thought and conduct.
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Ralph Waldo Emerson

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
At this website, read about the significant events in Emerson's life and learn about the major themes present in his writing.
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Stanford University

The Genotype/phenotype Distinction

For Students 9th - 10th
This site talks about the differences between genotype and phenotype. It offers examples, and tells how a genotype determines a phenotype.
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Affirmative Action

For Students 9th - 10th
Very thorough article on the history of affirmative action. Bibliography is included.