Read about the African American migration north in the early 20th Century through a collection of migrant letters and a lecture by scholar James Grossman.

Read this historical account of events that became known as the Great Migration, the movement of African Americans from the South to the North, and the effect this had on Chicago and other urban northern cities.

What caused the influx of African Americans and European immigrants into urban centers in the late 19th century? Learn about some of the discriminatory and anti-immigrant laws that were enacted to restrict their rights. Includes a chart...

Discusses the history of the African American community in Hartford, Connecticut, in terms of the migration of former slaves to the city right after the end of the Civil War. Also discusses a second wave of migration as African Americans...

From the critically acclaimed PBS series, "The West," this site provides a brief biography of Benjamin "Pap" Singleton, a leader of the "Great Exodus" which brought thousands of African Americans west from the post-Reconstruction South.

This is an extensive review of the Civil Rights movement from the 1940s to the 1960s. Read about the ways African Americans protested discrimination in employment and education over several years. Be sure to click on the images to find...

A good overview of the many social and economic changes that occurred in the United States in the early 20th century. There are hyperlinks to information about the many social reforms, the sad state of race relations at the time, and the...

Online version of a Library of Congress exhibit, covering information about black history, including colonization, abolition, migrations, and the WPA. It is multimedia and contains hundreds of primary source documents.

This short encyclopedia article recounts the events that led up to the Chicago Race Riot in 1919.

This interesting encyclopedia article recounts the self-segregated community of Mound Bayou, Mississippi, which was founded as a place for blacks to find economic opportunity at a time of extreme racial violence in the South.

This entry from Encyclopedia Britannica features Robert E. Park, an American sociologist noted for his work on ethnic minority groups, particularly African Americans, and on human ecology, a term he is credited with coining. One of the...