Handout
Forum Romanum

Outlines of Roman History: Reorganization of Empire: The Reign of Diocletian

For Students 9th - 10th
The reign of Diocletian is discussed in this article from William Morey's 1901 textbook. Check out the chart that shows how the Roman Empire was split into East and West.
Website
Other

Heraldica: The Holy Roman Empire: Structure and Composition

For Students 9th - 10th
Series of hyperlinked essays discuss facets of the Holy Roman Empire: its beginnings, structure, impact, and end.
PPT
Tom Richey

Tom Richey: Power Point: The Five Good Emperors

For Students 9th - 10th
Tom Richey uses humor in his slide presentation to informa and enlighten students on the history of Rome and the Five Good Emperors.
Website
Friesian School

Fresian School: Rome and Romania

For Students 9th - 10th
This article, which is provided for by the Fresian School, covers a large part of Roman history, but pays particular attention to the reign and effects of Emperor Nero.
Handout
Other

Chicago Coin Club: Eight Hundred Years of Roman Coinage

For Students 9th - 10th
Nearly halfway through this page under the subtitle, "Disintegration of the Monetary System" is a discussion of the monetary collapse and the efforts of subsequent emperors to restore the coinage.
Handout
Franco Cavazzi

The Early Emperors: 'Augustus' Gaius Julius Octavius (63 Bc Ad 14)

For Students 9th - 10th
This is a detailed and highly informative biography of Octavian, later known as Augustus.
Handout
Forum Romanum

Outlines of Roman History: Flavian Emperors: Reign of Titus

For Students 9th - 10th
William Morey offers a description of the brief reign of Titus in his textbook of 1901.
Handout
Loyola University Chicago

De Imperatoribus Romanis: Constantine I

For Students 9th - 10th
An essay on the life of Constantine, his relationship with Christianity, the founding of Constantinople, his death, and more.
Article
Khan Academy

Khan Academy: Bronze Head From a Statue of the Emperor Hadrian

For Students 9th - 10th
Hadrian (reigned 117-138 C.E.), once a tribune in three different legions of the Roman army and commander of a legion in one of Trajan's wars, was often shown in military uniform. He was clearly keen to project the image of an ever-ready...
Article
Khan Academy

Khan Academy: Damnatio Memoriae Roman Sanctions Against Memory

For Students 9th - 10th
Damnatio memoriae is a term we use to describe a Roman phenomenon in which the government condemned the memory of a person who was seen as a tyrant, traitor, or another sort of enemy to the state. The images of such condemned figures...
Article
Other

Siteseen Ltd: Causes for the Fall of the Roman Empire

For Students 9th - 10th
This article addresses the many reasons why the world's greatest superpower of the 4th century, the Roman Empire, crumbled and fell. Many reasons are discussed in detail, including the spread of Christianity, the invasion of various...
Handout
The History Cat

The History Cat: The Roman Empire

For Students 9th - 10th
The Roman Republic was ruled by emperors for over 400 years. Learn interesting details about the most famous one, Caesar Augustus.
Unit Plan
Other

The Romans: The Empire

For Students 9th - 10th
The "Five Good Emperors" temporarily abandoned the hereditary principle - each was chosen on his merit by the senate. They were: Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius.
Handout
Franco Cavazzi

The Roman Empire: 'Theodosius the Great'

For Students 9th - 10th
This site provides a biography of Flavius Theodosius (Theodosius the Great), a man who became emperor for a brief time following the Battle of Adrianople.
Handout
World History Encyclopedia

World History Encyclopedia: Augustus

For Students 9th - 10th
Illustrated encyclopedia tells the story of Augustus Caesar, the first emperor of Rome. Includes a timeline and links to related content.
Primary
PBS

Pbs Frontline: Letters of Pliny the Younger & Emperor Trajan

For Students 9th - 10th
The actual letters written between Pliny and the Emperor about the issue of early Christianity. It was the first time the Romans recognized the religion as separate from Judaism.
Handout
Forum Romanum

Outlines of Roman History: The Reign of Marcus Aurelius (Ad 161 180)

For Students 9th - 10th
Read this entry from William Morey's 1901 text to find out about Marcus Aurelius, one of the five good emperors, who was known as a philosopher.
Website
University of California

University of California: Roman Legal Tradition and the Compilation of Justinian

For Students 9th - 10th
Discover all you can about the history of the Roman legal system. Sections include law in early Rome, the Twelve Tables, the evolution of the Roman legal system and Classical Roman law, and then read an entire section regarding the...
Article
Other

University of Illinois: The Early Centuries of the Greek Roman East

For Students 9th - 10th
Read about the history of the Romiosini, or Greek Middle Ages and the development of the Greek-Roman east. The article is divided into two different sections. The first section includes the foundation of Constantinople as a means to...
Handout
Forum Romanum

Outlines of Roman History: Decline of the Empire: The Times of the Severi

For Students 9th - 10th
In this entry from Morey's 1901 textbook the decline of the Roman Empire is presented. The Severi emperors ranged from bad to worse, with the exception of Alexander Severus.
Handout
Forum Romanum

Outlines of Roman History: Decline of the Empire: The Illyrian Emperors

For Students 9th - 10th
In this article from the 1901 textbook by William Morey, you can read that the Roman empire had a period of stability before its further decline.
Handout
Internet History Sourcebooks Project

Fordham University: Ancient History Sourcebook: Marcus Aurelius Meditations

For Students 9th - 10th
Ancient History Sourcebook offers the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Antonius, the "philosopher emperor" of Rome. This is one of the few pieces of literature written by a world leader; even more striking is the fact that it is a work of...
Website
PBS

Pbs: Claudius

For Students 9th - 10th
This site contains an interesting account of the life of Claudius. Includes quotes from ancient and modern historians, as well as a scathing description of his second wife, Agrippina.
Handout
Internet History Sourcebooks Project

Fordham University: Ancient History Sourcebook: Divine Augustus

For Students 9th - 10th
This is a translation of an extensive Roman work on Augustus and his reign. His family, family history, childhood, the loss of his father, his military career, and more are discussed in this extensive study of his life.

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