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The Basics of Philosophy: Aristotle

For Students 9th - 10th
A discussion of Aristotle's life and work, including his writings, his system of logical reasoning, and his contributions to different fields, such as politics, philosophy, and science.
eBook
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Mit: Internet Classics Archive: Politics

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the Internet Classics Archive provides the full text of Aristotle's "Politics"; translated by Benjamin Jowett.
Website
Other

University of Alabama: Government

For Students 9th - 10th
Overview in note form on social and political philosophy comparing Plato, Locke, and Hobbes. Scroll to "natural rights" which the author discusses in context for understanding the political and social philosophies of these political...
Website
Other

Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand

For Students 9th - 10th
This is Dr. Leonard Peikoff's website for his book "Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand."
Article
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Political Legitimacy

For Students 9th - 10th
Examines the concept of political legitimacy. How is it defined? What are its functions? What are the sources of political legitimacy? What does it look like in a democracy? What does it look like on a global level? These are some of the...
Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Aristotle

For Students 9th - 10th
Looks at the life of Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.) and the far-reaching scope of his intellectual ideas. The article examines in depth his theories in the disciplines of philosophy, politics, mathematics and science, and his legacy.
Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Confucius

For Teachers 9th - 10th
This Stanford University encyclopedia entry discusses Confucius (551-479 BCE), who, according to Chinese tradition, was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought.
Handout
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Anselm of Canterbury

For Students 9th - 10th
Introduction to Anselm's life and thought. Recounts his political difficulties while archbishop. Summarizes his contributions to medieval philosophy and theology, including his famous ontological argument for the existence of God, and...
Handout
Stanford University

Soren Kierkegaard, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

For Students 9th - 10th
A thorough and complete biography. Includes sections on Kierkegaard's life, rhetoric, ethics, politics, and religion, just to name a few. Also contains a time-line and bibliography of works.
Unit Plan
CommonLit

Common Lit: Political Society

For Students 9th - 10th
A learning module that begins with "Political Society" by John Locke, accompanied by guided reading questions, assessment questions, and discussion questions. The text can be printed as a PDF or assigned online through free teacher and...
Website
PBS

Pbs Character Above All: Richard M. Nixon

For Students 9th - 10th
An excerpt from Tom Wicker's essay on Richard M. Nixon. The writing delves deep into Nixon's psyche, possibly giving reasons for his actions before and during the Watergate crisis. Analyzes Nixon's political philosophy and his actions.
Website
Oregon State University

Oregon State University: David Hume

For Students 9th - 10th
Biography of Hume with notes on his major ideas and philosophy. Includes a timeline for quick reference.
Primary
Internet History Sourcebooks Project

Fordham University: Modern History Sourcebook: Two Treatisies on Government

For Students 9th - 10th
This site provides selections from John Locke's "Two Treatisies on Government." It contains evaluations on the sections 'Of the State of Nature' and 'Of Political of Civil Society.'
Handout
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: English Deism

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy describes the influence of several different English Deists with long paragraphs explaining their works, politics, and major ideas. Entries on Hobbes, Locke, and Hume, as well as on...
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Other

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Affirmative Action

For Students 9th - 10th
This resource provides a thorough treatment of the politics of affirmative action from researcher Robert Fullinwider, of the University of Maryland School of Public Policy.
Handout
University of Oregon

Us Political Thought: View of Jane Addams' Hull House as a Feminist Initiative

For Students 9th - 10th
Interesting notes on Jane Addams' life, philosophy on Hull House, and social work.
eBook
Other

The Great Books Foundation: The Natural Aristocracy

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
A letter to John Adams from Thomas Jefferson dated October 28, 1813 that provides a mini-summary of Jefferson's philosophy toward democracy and the ability of Americans to govern themselves.
Handout
Philosophy Pages

Philosophy Pages: Aristotle (384 322 Bce)

For Students 9th - 10th
The life, philosophy and metaphysics of Aristotle (384-322 BCE) are surveyed. The aim of Aristotle's logical treatises (known as the Organon) was to develop a universal method of reasoning by means of which it would be possible to learn...
Handout
Philosophy Pages

Philosophy Pages: History of Western Philosophers

For Students 9th - 10th
This resource provides a narrative survey of the history of Western philosophical thought. Provides a general description of different philosophical questions and how they were answered.
Handout
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Augustine, 354 430

For Students 9th - 10th
This site not offers a fairly thorough biography of Augustine, but also outlines some of Augustine's theological and philosphical positions, as well as the influences which led him to those beleifs. It also includes a list of Augustine's...
Handout
Robin Chew

Lucidcafe: Niccolo Machiavelli

For Students 9th - 10th
This site has a biography of Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527 CE) and in-depth discussion of his political philosophies. The site contains links to related resources and books by or about Machiavelli.
Handout
Robin Chew

Lucid Cafe: Jean Jacques Rousseau

For Students 9th - 10th
A good biography mostly on Rousseau's political philosophy of "The Social Contract"
Handout
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Juan Donoso Cortes

For Students 9th - 10th
An article on the ideas of Juan Donoso Cortes (1809-1853 CE), a political theorist of the 19th century who developed a theory of dictatorship. His ideas influenced another political thinker, Carl Schmitt whose ideas were later used by...
Handout
Robert H. Sarkissian

Island of Freedom: John Stuart Mill, 1806 1873

For Students 9th - 10th
This site contains Mill's biography, which describes his notable upbringing. In addition, it summarizes his contributions to logic, economics, moral philosophy, and political philosophy.

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