Read about the African American migration north in the early 20th Century through a collection of migrant letters and a lecture by scholar James Grossman.

Collection of 11 primary resources exploring the migrations made by African Americans in the 20th Century and the effects they had. Includes text links, notes and questions for discussion.

Primary source photos showing the devastation of the Dust Bowl and refugee migration to California.

This collection uses primary sources to explore the Great Migration.

This collection uses primary sources to explore Mormon migration.

This collection uses primary sources to explore Puerto Rican migration to the US.

Primary source materials that focus on how the westward expansion of the railroads affected the sale of land, migration, immigration, and population characteristics. Includes letters, personal accounts, maps, documents, etc.

Paintings by Jacob Lawrence titled, "The Migration of the Negro", a series of sixty paintings, illustrates the migration of African Americans to the North in the twentieth century. A link to this artwork can be found within this summary.

This collection uses primary sources to explore the Great Migration of African Americans to the Northern and Midwestern states in the early 1900s. Set includes an overview, primary sources, links to related resources, and a teaching guide.

The sources in this set help place the Mormon migration in geographic, political, religious, and cultural contexts, including other westward movement motivated by Manifest Destiny.

This primary source set uses maps, documents, and photographs to tell the story of Puerto Rican migration to the United States.

These seven letters to the Chicago "Defender," a black newspaper, offer accounts from individuals who chose to leave the South from 1916-1921 in search of better opportunities as a part of what is now known as the Great Migration.

Letters by African Americans seeking help to leave the South. They explore issues including identity, family, community, and the struggles induced by the need to migrate north.

A collection of primary source documents which depict experiences of Mexican Americans in the 19th and 20th centuries. Find out what challenges they faced, what communities, institutions, and culture they created, and what records and...

An analysis of the reasons why blacks moved north around the time of World War I. An article by Emmett J. Scott (1873-1957), who for a time served as Booker T. Washington's personal secretary, is linked to this resource.

The resources here, including letters, photographs, official documents, and maps, represent the exodus of African Americans from the South to the Great Plains in the late 1800s.

Set of primary documents, photos, audio and sheet music having to do with the movement of homeless families during the Great Depression. Teaching guide included.

Primary documents related to the promotion of and resistance to the expansion of Mormonism.

Accounts of African American migrations from the rural South to Southern cities. This resource provides not just accounts of the Great Migration focusing on the flight from the South to the North, but also the migration within the South...

Alain Locke's essay, "Enter the New Negro," is provided within this site and describes a new African American sense of self, inspired by migration to the urban North.

Eighty-two primary sources explore African American identity in the 20th century. They examine segregation, migrations, protest, community, and what remained to be overcome.

Artistic expressions of the new black self image inspired by migration to the urban North. This focus of this site is "Song of the Towers", a series of four murals sponsored by the federal Works Projects Administration, outlining black...

Letters, an article, a pamphlet, and a song that point to greater black migration from the South and black cultural achievements in the twentieth century. The texts examines how migrations north affected the relationships of African...

The journal kept by John Donelson during the journey by boats down the Tennessee River in 1779-80 is one of the great records of American migration. The most dramatic day of the journey was Wednesday, March 8, a day in which Donelson's...