Lesson Plan
Smithsonian Institution

Smithsonian Learning Lab: Turn About's Fair Play! Mirrors and How They Reflect

For Teachers 3rd - 8th
Teachers can download this teaching package that looks at light and symmetry through the use of mirrors. Students will enjoy the nine mirror challenges, along with the hands-on activities described in the lessons. Teachers will...
Interactive
University of Colorado

University of Colorado: Ph Et Interactive Simulations: Bending Light

For Students 9th - 10th
Explore bending of light between two media with different indices of refraction. See how changing from air to water to glass changes the bending angle. Play with prisms of different shapes and make rainbows.
Lesson Plan
Teachers TryScience

Teachers Try Science: Where There's Light, There's Hot Food!!!

For Teachers 9th - 10th
This unit helps students learn to apply the concept of solar energy conservation. They are introduced to angles and their effect on the amount of light reflected, and they will also design, construct, manipulate, critique, evaluate and...
Unit Plan
CK-12 Foundation

Ck 12: Physical Science: Refraction

For Students 7th - 9th
[Free Registration/Login may be required to access all resource tools.] Refraction of light in matter and how light changes its speed and angle of refraction according to the type of medium it is travelling through.
Handout
Georgia State University

Georgia State University: Hyper Physics: Reflection and Refraction

For Students 9th - 10th
Reflection and refraction are explained with an experiment that uses a sheet of paper, cardboard, and other common materials.
Unit Plan
BBC

Bbc: Gcse Bitesize: Why Do Scientists Think That Light and Sound Are Waves?

For Students 9th - 10th
Light travels as transverse waves and can travel through a vacuum. Sound travels as longitudinal waves and needs to travel through a solid, liquid or gas. Read about the properties of light and of sound, and learn the differences between...
Lesson Plan
Science and Mathematics Initiative for Learning Enhancement (SMILE)

Smile: Light

For Teachers 4th - 6th
In this activity, students actually find the angles of reflection and incidence.
Handout
Georgia State University

Georgia State University: Hyper Physics: Total Internal Reflection

For Students 9th - 10th
This physics department site provides a definition and explanation of the phenomenon of total internal reflection. Includes a diagram and an equation for calculating the critical angle for light approaching a surface.
eBook
Physics Classroom

The Physics Classroom: Refraction and Ray Model of Light: Boundary Behavior

For Students 9th - 10th
In this illustrated physics tutorial, students investigate the connection between light reflection and light refraction.
Interactive
Walter Fendt

Walter Fendt: Reflection and Refraction of Light

For Students 9th - 10th
Defines the refraction of light and provides an applet for investigating it.
Interactive
University of Colorado

University of Colorado: Ph Et Interactive Simulations: Bending Light

For Students 9th - 10th
Manipulate variables and measure angles as light is refracted in this interactive simulation.
Handout
Georgia State University

Georgia State University: Hyper Physics: Crossed Polarizers

For Students 9th - 10th
At this univeristy physics department site, the polarization of light is explained and illustrated. Methods for analyzing light to determine the degree of polarization are stated and explained with equations.
Activity
Optical Society

Optical Society of America: Optics for Kids: Mirrors and Images

For Students 3rd - 5th
An experiment to investigate how many images appear as the angle between two hinged mirrors is increased. Accompanied by an explanation of what is happening, questions for students to consider, and a link to an article about reflection.
Unit Plan
CK-12 Foundation

Ck 12: Total Internal Reflection

For Students 9th - 10th
[Free Registration/Login may be required to access all resource tools.] Students learn about total internal reflection. More specifically, they will learn what the critical angle is, how it is derived and how to solve for it in real life...
eBook
Physics Classroom

The Physics Classroom: Reflection and Ray Model of Light: Right Angle Mirrors

For Students 9th - 10th
Discover how light reacts when it strikes mirrors which are placed at right angles to each other.
Activity
Exploratorium

Exploratorium: Bubbularium

For Students 3rd - 8th
What colors do you see in a bubble? Why do you see colors in a bubble? Use this site to find out the answer to these questions with this easy experiment.
Handout
Georgia State University

Georgia State University: Hyper Physics: Polarization by Absorption

For Students 9th - 10th
The operation of Polaroid filters on a pair of sunglasses is shown.
Activity
TeachEngineering

Teach Engineering: When Silicon Talks

For Teachers 10th - 12th
In this activity, students tackle this aspect of engineering as they solve problems for precise angles and speeds, and predict data output when samples are altered.
Activity
Optical Society

Optical Society of America: Optics for Kids: Total Internal Reflection

For Students 9th - 10th
An investigation into the total internal reflection of light, using a laser pointer. Accompanied by an explanation of what's happening, a discussion of Snell's Law, and links to additional information.
Handout
Boston University

Bu: Optics: Geometric Optics

For Students 9th - 10th
Several short descriptions of demonstrations which illustrate principles of geometric optics (many of which focus upon refraction).
Activity
Texas Instruments

Texas Instruments: Finding the Shortest Path

For Teachers 9th - 10th
Students discover the shortest distance light travels from an object to the human eye, as the light from the object reflects off a single mirror. In the process they learn about reflection in a line, congruent angles, angle bisectors,...
Activity
Exploratorium

Exploratorium: Up Periscope!

For Students 3rd - 5th
Children can look around corners with this homemade periscope. Great instructions at this Exploratorium site on how to build a periscope.