Primary
Other

Afscme: "I've Been to the Mountaintop" by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

For Students 9th - 10th
Learn about the the events of the 1968 Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike which drew Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to Memphis, which is where he was soon to be assassinated. Excellent source of primary sources and first hand accounts of the...
Website
Other

Encyclopedia of Cleveland History: Little Steel Strike

For Students 9th - 10th
A brief look at the steel workers' strike against the steel producers in Ohio. Read how the strike progressed, and how it was eventually resolved.
Website
University of Virginia

Miller Center at Uva: u.s. Presidents: Harry S. Truman: Domestic Affairs

For Students 9th - 10th
A broad look at the Truman presidency domestically including the labor problems he encountered, his Fair Deal, the instransigence of the Republican Party, and McCarthyism.
Website
University of Missouri

Famous Trials: Western Federation of Miners

For Students 9th - 10th
A good review of the Western Federation of Miners and its actions in Colorado in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Find out why the organization was seen to have socialist leanings.
Primary
Other

Haymarket Trial: August Spies, Address to the Court

For Students 9th - 10th
Site presents the statement given by August Spies, who was convicted and hanged for his role in the Haymarket Square riot.
Website
Ohio History Central

Ohio History Central: Great Steel Strike of 1919

For Students 9th - 10th
Ohio History Central gives a brief summary of the Great Steel Strike of 1919, an attempt by steel workers to get higher pay and a shorter work day. Find out the results of the strike.
Website
Ohio History Central

Ohio History Central: Great Railroad Strike of 1877

For Students 9th - 10th
Read how the Great Railroad Strike started and why federal troops were called in to control the strikers.
Primary
University of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh and Western Pennsylvania Labor Legacy: Great Railroad Stike of 1877

For Students 9th - 10th
See a list of the pictures of places burned in the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 and view pictures taken at that time.
Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: Labor vs. Management

For Students 5th - 8th
As Big Business grew in the Gilded Age, so did conflict between the workers and management. Read about the techniques used by both groups to try to press their points and get the upper hand in negotiations.
Handout
Khan Academy

Khan Academy: Ap Us History: 1865 1898: Labor Battles in the Gilded Age

For Students 9th - 10th
Discusses the Homestead Strike of 1892 and the Pullman Strike of 1894 and how these ended, as well as responses of the federal government to the labor movement. Includes questions for students at end.
Article
Khan Academy

Khan Academy: Us History: 1865 1898: Labor Battles in the Gilded Age

For Students 9th - 10th
As the United States became a major industrial power, conflict between workers and factory owners intensified. Read about the Homestead Strike and the Pullman Strike, two of the most famous labor battles in American history.
Article
New Deal Network

New Deal Network: The Nation: It's War in Youngstown

For Students 9th - 10th
A contemporary article from the magazine, The Nation, which describes the steel strike in Youngstown, Ohio, in June 1937. Read about the background of the strike, and follow the author's ordeal as she was arrested, despite her press...
Activity
Other

Ukraine: Rights Are Not Given, They Are Taken

For Students 9th - 10th
Stories of Ukrainian workers and their struggles to fight for good working conditions as the country tries to break away from its communist past. (Date of Article: March 2004)
Primary
Other

Ussc the Pullman Strike: Its Causes and Events

For Students 9th - 10th
An excerpt from U.S. Strike Commission Report on the Pullman Strike. Site presents questions at the end for study.
Website
Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Comission

Explore Pa History: The Great Steel Strike of 1919 Historical Marker

For Students 9th - 10th
A strike by steel workers in Chicago eventually spread across the United States in 1919. Read about the strike, how was involved, and how the employers turned popular opinion against the strikers.
Primary
Curated OER

History Matters: I Will Kill Frick

For Students 9th - 10th
Find information about the Homestead strike and the treatment of the workers inspired some labor activists to plot the murder of Henry Clay Frick. Part of the autobiography of Emma Goldman.
Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: The Great Upheaval

For Students 5th - 8th
What started as a localized railway strike by workers upset by a pay cut spread across the country in the summer of 1877. Read about the striking workers and the force used against them, how the strike affected rail service, and what the...
Handout
University of Houston

University of Houston: Engines of Our Ingenuity: American Industrial Revolution

For Students 6th - 8th
Aimed at middle school teachers and students, this resource contains lists of labor links. It includes a brief history of strikes, the Knights of Labor and the AFL.
Website
Other

Irc History: The Ludlow Massacre

For Students 9th - 10th
A good explanation of the Ludlow Massacre in the coalfields of Colorado and what led up to it. In addition, there is an interesting description of how this violent reaction to a strike by miners affected John D. Rockefeller, Jr., one of...
Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: A Helping Hand for Labor

For Students 5th - 8th
Theodore Roosevelt had many talents. See how he acted as arbitrator in the coal strike of 1902, and supported the demands of the United Mine Workers to improve the working conditions of the miners.
Website
Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Comission

Expore Pa History: Making Steel

For Students 9th - 10th
A good look at three of the titans of the steel industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Read about Andrew Carnegie and his business relationship with Henry Clay Frick, and the development of Bethlehen Steel by Charles Schwab....
Article
Hartford Web Publishing

World History Archives: Indispensable Ally: Black Workers, Formation of the Cio

For Students 9th - 10th
This article relates the history of African Americans in the union movement during the Great Depression. Read about the importance of black membership in the CIO, the ILA, and the steel industry.
Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: Eugene v. Debs and American Socialism

For Students 5th - 8th
Read about the growth of the Socialist Party in America under the leadership of Eugene V. Debs. Find out about the strikes he led, his political activities, and his arrest for sedition in 1918. Read also about the radical union,...
Handout
Country Studies US

Country Studies: The Struggles of Labor

For Students 9th - 10th
This site discusses how for much of the latter half of the 1800s, the life of the common laborer was horrendous. Working in a unsanitary factory, for at least 10 hours a day, making far less than needed to survive, the struggles of the...