Website
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics

The Math Forum: Famous Problems in the History of Mathematics

For Students 9th - 10th
On this site, there are several math problems to explore and solve. Look through some solutions by famous mathematicians and expand your thinking about some interesting math concepts. Teachers of elementary grades may want to use this...
Article
Other

History World: History of Greek Science

For Students 9th - 10th
Presents the history of Greek science from the 6th century BC to the 2nd century AD. Navigate using the menu on the left. Covers major figures in science and mathematics, their theories and beliefs, and the influence they had, as well as...
Handout
University of St. Andrews (UK)

University of St. Andrews: Luca Valerio, Italian Mathematician

For Students 9th - 10th
This University of St. Andrews page offers a good biography on Luca Valerio, an Italian mathematician and teacher of rhetoric.
Website
Other

History of Islamic Science 3: The Time of Al Razi

For Students 9th - 10th
In-depth look at Islamic society during the time of al-Razi. Discusses "Arabic Mathematics and Astronomy," "Muslim Alchemy and Physics," "Muslim Medicine," and several well-known individuals such as al-Mahani, inb Yusuf, al-Nairizi, ibn...
Lesson Plan
Rice University

Rice University: Cynthia Lanius: History of Geometry

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
Different cultures' contributions to Geometry are discussed.
Handout
University of St. Andrews (UK)

University of St. Andrews: Albert Girard

For Students 9th - 10th
In trigonometry today, we use the abbreviations sin, cosine and tan. Girard was the first mathematician to use these abbreviations in his work.
Article
University of St. Andrews (UK)

University of St. Andrews: Greek Number Systems

For Students 9th - 10th
A comprehensive discussion of Greek number systems of the first millennium BC, including acrophonic and alphabetical. Includes examples demonstrating the lack of a truly unified system among the Greek islands.
Website
Smithsonian Institution

National Museum of American History: Teaching Math & Science in Age of Sputnik

For Students 9th - 10th
Why did the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik throw the fields of mathematics and science into tremendous demand in the United States? Find the many ways this revolutionary event impacted children from the 1950s to become the...
Handout
University of St. Andrews (UK)

University of St. Andrews: Mathematics History Overview

For Students 9th - 10th
The University of St. Andrews allows you to link to many famous mathematicians and mathematical events from Babylonian mathematics in 2000 B.C. to mathematical discoveries in the 20th Century.
Handout
University of St. Andrews (UK)

University of St. Andrews: Christoff Rudolff

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the University of St. Andrews provides biographical information about mathematician Christoff Rudolff, author of the first book about algebra in German.
Handout
University of St. Andrews (UK)

University of St. Andrews: Christopher Clavius

For Students 9th - 10th
This site, which is provided for by the University of St. Andrews, gives a brief biography of Christopher Clavius with references for additional study.
Handout
University of St. Andrews (UK)

University of St. Andrews: Nicolaus(ii) Bernoulli

For Students 9th - 10th
This site, which is provided for by the University of St. Andrews, gives a brief biography of Nicolaus Bernoulli.
Graphic
University of St. Andrews (UK)

University of St. Andrews: Epicycloid

For Students 9th - 10th
Very cool site. Allows you to zoom in/out and add evolutes, involutes, etc.
Handout
University of St. Andrews (UK)

University of St. Andrews: Nicholas Chuquet

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the University of St. Andrews provides a biography of mathematician Nicholas Chuquet, who was the first to use negative numbers as exponents and coefficients.
Handout
Tech Target

What Is: Irrational Number

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
A counterpart problem in measurement would be to find the length of the diagonal of a square whose side is one unit long; there is no subdivision of the unit length that will divide evenly into the length of the diagonal. It thus became...
Handout
University of St. Andrews (UK)

University of St. Andrews: Winifred Merrill

For Students 9th - 10th
The first American woman to earn a Ph.D. in mathematics, Winifred Merrill made many contributions to the world of mathematics. Her life and accomplishments are documented in this short biography.
Handout
Stephen Byrne

History for Kids: Ancient Greek Science

For Students 1st - 7th
Overview of the history of science in Greece during the Hellenistic age when Greek culture mingled with Persia and many advancements were made. Teacher resources include worksheets, activities and quizzes.
Unit Plan
TED Talks

Ted: Ted Ed: Making Sense of Irrational Numbers

For Students 9th - 10th
Like many heroes of Greek myths, the philosopher Hippasus was rumored to have been mortally punished by the gods. But what was his crime? Did he murder guests or disrupt a sacred ritual? No, Hippasus's transgression was mathematically...
Website
Rice University

Rice University: Cynthia Lanius: Mathematics of Cartography

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
Can there be a connection between map making and math? Explore the mathematics of cartography in this resource that integrates web-based instruction, mathematical problem solving, geometry, history, and art. Interesting information and...
Activity
University of Cambridge

University of Cambridge: Maths and Sports: Project Ideas: World Records

For Students 9th - 10th
This activity suggests a number of investigative projects, focusing on athletics and swimming, exploring some of the trends between performances in different sports at the same time in history and in the rate of improvement of records...
Unit Plan
PBS

Pbs: Base 60: Babylonian Decimals

For Students 3rd - 5th Standards
Explore a brief history of mathematics in Mesopotamia through the Babylonian Base 60 number system. This video focuses on how a base 60 system does not use fractions or repeating decimals, some of the advantages of a base 60 system, and...
Handout
Other

Wichita State University: Emilie, Marquise Du Chatelet

For Students 9th - 10th
This straightforward biography of the French mathematician Emilie de Chatelet covers basics of her life and times. Her friendship with Voltaire, translation of Newton, and tragic early death are included.
Graphic
Other

Ancient Greek Number Codes

For Students 9th - 10th
Credited to the Cornell University Greek Epigraphy Project, the content on this page explains (and illustrates through a chart) the Greek use of Alpha characters for numbers.
Article
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics

The Math Forum: Pascal and Fermat Beginnings of Probability

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
This site describes early applications of probability, the roles of Pascal and Fermat, and the problem of points.

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