During our last several episodes, Europe and the European-controlled world have been in crisis. Wars, disease, climate changes, and shifts in religious and political power threw the European world into turmoil. People were looking for a...

The Protestant Reformation didn't exactly begin with Martin Luther, and it didn't end with him either. Reformers and monarchs changed the ways that religious and state power were organized throughout the 16th and early 17th centuries....

In the aftermath of the revolutions and upheaval in 18th and early 19th century Europe, there was a hunger for reform across the continent. Reformers like Robert Owen, Charles Fourier, and Auguste Comte proposed radical new ideas, and at...

You may have noticed that the internet is terrible at religious discourse. Well, this is not a new phenomenon. In the early 16th century, the Roman Catholic church dominated Christianity in Europe, and the institution was starting to...

You may have noticed that the internet is terrible at religious discourse. Well, this is not a new phenomenon. In the early 16th century, the Roman Catholic church dominated Christianity in Europe, and the institution was starting to...

The House of Habsburg, one of the most influential royal houses in European history, played a pivotal role in shaping the continent's political landscape. Among their many significant contributions, the War of the Spanish...

The Protestant Reformation didn't exactly begin with Martin Luther, and it didn't end with him either. Reformers and monarchs changed the ways that religious and state power were organized throughout the 16th and early 17th centuries....

The 21st century brought a whole new host of challenges to the world, and Europe was no exception. In this video you'll learn about how an increasingly connected and complex world led to some pretty deep rifts in countries across the...

Aethelflaed was the eldest daughter of Albert the Great. Though Anglo-Saxon women held little political power at the time, Aethelflaed went on to become a queen and a legend. Learn what her early life was like and how she would have...

In which John Green teaches you about relations between the early English colonists and the native people the encountered in the New World. In short, these relations were poor. As soon as they arrived, the English were in conflict with...

The discovery of ancient hominin bones in Northern Spain's Atapuerca Mountains has significantly pushed back the timeline for human arrival in Europe to about 1.2 million years ago, predating previous estimates by around 500,000 years....

Feudalism was dying. In the age of globe-spanning colonial empires, commercial printing, and the scientific revolution, the idea of a state held together by a myriad of personal arrangements between ruler and nobility was beginning to...

Toby Green has been fascinated by the history of West Africa for decades after he visited as a student and heard whispers of history that didn’t appear in text books. Years later he wrote ‘Fistful of Shells,’ a survey of West Africa and...

When Europeans first arrived in Australia, did they have a friendly relationship with Aboriginal people? What happened when Europeans started taking Aboriginal land? Watch now to discover the impact of colonisation on Aboriginal...

In which John Green kicks off Crash Course US History! Why, you may ask, are we covering US History, and not more World History, or the history of some other country, or the very specific history of your home region? Well, the reasons...

In which John Green teaches you about the massive immigration to the United States during the late 19th and early 20th century. Immigrants flocked to the US from all over the world in this time period. Millions of Europeans moved to the...

In which Hank and John Green teach you a Crash Course on the modern revolution, and the upside of the progress that humanity has made in the last 500 years or so. And while there are two sides to every history, and many of these changes...

To Queen Victoria, marriages were about strategic alliances. Correction: At 5:38, the map of post-war Germany is missing eastern Prussia. The borders of Austria-Hungary should also include portions of northern Serbia and southern Poland....

The Britons, facing relentless raids, summoned the help of foreign mercenaries from Pagan Germanic tribes, including the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons. Initially, these warriors defended their British employers but later turned against...

Emma of Normandy, was a noblewoman in the 900s-1000s who became Queen of England twice. This video explores her upbringing, her political marriages, and her role as a prominent figure in court. The transcript also touches on her...

For over 10,000 years, Algonquian speaking natives occupy the lands of modern New England. Europeans describe it as “paradise” for its abundant wildlife, water and fertile soil. Splitting from the Mohegan in the early 1600s, the Pequot...

How did Europeans slowly arrive early on in West Africa? How politically diverse was West Africa?<br/>
West Africa Before the Europeans, Part 4

For centuries, many have called gout "the disease of kings" because it affected men who ate rich diets and drank heavily. As early as the ancient Greeks, doctors wrote about gout, claiming that only wealthy men could become afflicted...

How hard is it for historians to look at what was going on before the slave trade in West Africa? What were the limits of geographic expansion in West Africa?<br/>
West Africa Before the Europeans, Part 3