Handout
National Institute of Open Schooling

Chemical Bonding

For Students 7th - 12th Standards
Name is Bond, covalent bond. Through readings and answering questions, classes explore the different types of chemical bonds, their characteristics, valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, and atomic orbitals. 
Handout
National Institute of Open Schooling

Chemical Thermodynamics

For Students 9th - 12th Standards
All chemical reactions require energy. To explore thermodynamics, classes read and discuss its laws, exothermic and endothermic reactions, enthalpy in many forms, calculate enthalpy problems, and use Hess' Law to calculate enthalpy of a...
Handout
National Institute of Open Schooling

Coordination Compounds

For Students 9th - 12th Standards
Cyanide, a coordination compound, is used in the extraction of gold and silver. Part 24 in the series of 36 delves into the world of coordination compounds. Classes learn, through readings, discussions, and answering questions, how to...
Handout
National Institute of Open Schooling

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

For Students 9th - 12th Standards
Although their name makes them sound dangerous or toxic, carboxylic acids are found throughout nature in things such as citric acid, vinegar, and even in your DNA. Through detailed readings, discussions, and answering questions...
Activity
It's About Time

Organic Substances

For Teachers 7th - 12th Standards
Host an exciting lab in which learners burn fruit rinds to better understand hydrocarbons. A reading passage and analysis questions wrap up the lesson. 
Handout
National Institute of Open Schooling

p-Block Elements and Their Compounds – II

For Students 9th - 12th Standards
Ozone, made of three bonded oxygen atoms, is found 15-30 km above Earth, has a strong smell, is blue, and blocks sunlight from hitting the surface of Earth. The 22nd lesson in a series of 36 specifically focuses on the important elements...
Handout
National Institute of Open Schooling

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

For Students 9th - 12th Standards
Classes continue their study of organic compounds in a detailed lesson covering alcohols, phenols, and ethers. Naming these compounds, classifying them, and describing their preparation and use are some of the topics covered. Through...
Lesson Plan
American Chemical Society

Development of Baking Powder

For Teachers 9th - 12th Standards
Did you know baking powder can be used to treat acne, whiten teeth, and make sugar cookies? The lesson on the development of baking powder is ready-to-go with no preparation required. Through readings, pupils answer questions, complete...
Handout
National Institute of Open Schooling

Nomenclature and General Principles

For Students 9th - 12th Standards
Carbon, the base for all organic compounds, exists in nature in its purest form as graphite or diamonds. The 25th lesson in a series of 36 teaches pupils the nomenclature of organic compounds. Learners read about how to use the IUPAC...
Handout
National Institute of Open Schooling

General Characteristics of the p-Block Elements

For Students 9th - 12th Standards
The 20th installment in a series of 36 focuses on the characteristics of the p-block elements. Learners discuss, read about, and answer questions pertaining to the occurrence of these elements in nature, their electron configurations,...
Handout
National Institute of Open Schooling

Atomic Structure

For Students 7th - 12th Standards
Learners explain historical findings such as Rutherford and Bohr's contributions, explain wave particle duality, and formulate Heinsenberg's uncertainty principle. They also draw s, p, and d orbitals, explain more historical findings,...
Handout
National Institute of Open Schooling

Periodic Table and Atomic Properties

For Students 7th - 12th Standards
An in-depth lesson, the fourth activity in a series of 36, begins with teaching how the periodic table's arrangement came to its current design. Using this knowledge, pupils then move on to analyze the arrangement of elements to their...
Handout
CK-12 Foundation

Ck 12: Earth Science: Chemical Bonding Study Guide

For Students 9th - 10th
Understand chemical boding using this review guide.
Handout
Simon Fraser University

Chem1 Virtual Textbook: Molecules and the Properties of Bonded Atoms

For Students 9th - 10th
College-level site goes into great detail about chemical bonding properties, as far as energies, structure, angles, and length. Infrared absorption, the greenhouse effect, and global warming are addressed to exemplify bond length...
Handout
Frostburg State University

General Chemistry Online: Chemical Bonds Faq

For Students 9th - 10th
Find answers to common questions about chemical bonds. Recognize molecular orbital theory and know how to draw a Lewis structure.
Handout
University of Florida

University of Florida: General Chemistry I: Chemical Bonding

For Students 9th - 10th
Notes on covalent bonding, bond length, bond energies, Lewis dot structures, and percent ionic character. Colorful graphics.
Handout
Oklahoma State University

Osu: Chemical Bonding Content in a Nutshell

For Students 9th - 10th
An overview of chemical bonding and how valence electrons play a major role in these processes.
Handout
Simon Fraser University

Chem1 Virtual Textbook: Bonding in Metals and Semiconductors

For Students 9th - 10th
Acting as an overview from the General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, this site explores chemical bonding in relation to metals and semiconductors. Topics covered include molecular orbitals in metals, band structure in metals, and more.
Handout
Michael Blaber, PhD

Florida State University: Basic Concepts of Covalent Bonding: Covalent Bonding

For Students 9th - 10th
Good introduction and graphics make this a solid page for understanding the orbital role in bonding and molecular geometry. The author is a professor at Florida State University.
Handout
Michael Blaber, PhD

Fsu: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding: Polarity and Electronegativity

For Students 9th - 10th
Florida State University provides an explanation of electronegativity of elements and its affect on bond type.
Handout
Science4Fun

Science4 Fun: Chemical Bonding

For Students 1st - 6th
What is a chemical bond? Learn about the structure of an atom, why bonds are formed, and the different types of chemical bonds.
Handout
National Institutes of Health

Ncbi: The Molecular Biology of the Cell: The Chemical Components of a Cell

For Students 9th - 10th
Advanced chapter of the book "The Molecular Biology of the Cell" describes and provides illustrations of our most current understanding of the chemical makeup of cells and their components. Explains in detail how electron activity keeps...
Handout
Science Struck

Science Struck: Characteristics of Ionic Bonding

For Students 9th - 10th
Explains what chemical bonds are and how they form, the three most common types, and the characteristics of ionic bonds. Gives an example of ionic bonding.
Handout
Michael Blaber, PhD

Fsu: Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding: Exceptions to the Octet Rule

For Students 9th - 10th
Lists the exceptions to the octet rule and provides a discussion and diagrams explaining each one. Includes clear diagrams illustrating this concept.

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