Read this section from a chapter on "Westward Expansion" to learn about the methods that the U.S. government used to address the "Indian threat" during the settlement of the West and explain the process of "Americanization" as it applied...

The Library of Congress presents over 2,000 prints from the work of the famed photographer,Edward S. Curtis, who recorded Native American dress, ceremonies, life, and culture representing over 80 tribes during the first half of the 20th...

This passionate essay provides an informative history of the battles between Northwest Indians and the US in the 1960s over fishing rights and broken treaties.

This section of a chapter on "Imperial Reforms and Colonial Protests" discusses the status of Great Britain's North American colonies in the years directly following the French and Indian War, describes the size and scope of the British...

From a chapter on the New American Republic. After reading this section, students will be able to identify the major foreign and domestic uprisings of the early 1790s and explain the effect of these uprisings on the political system of...

This is the full text of the novel Forest & Frontiers by an Anonymous author. Captain William Wells was a noted hunter and ranger in the western country. He was captured by the Indians when but a child, and raised among them.

An exhaustive discussion of Virginia Roediger's 1941 book, "Ceremonial Costumes of the Pueblo Indians: Their Evolution, Fabrication, and Significance in the Prayer Drama", that studies in depth the Pueblo Indians; their history, social...

A collection of Indian legends, compiled by author Zitkala-Sa. Fourteen legends are presented in electronic form by the University of Virginia.

Text of the book "Indian Summer" by William D. Howells. (Free site registration offers some additional features, e.g., the ability to insert annotations.)

Article detailing attempts of Shawnee Noble Chief Tecumseh to unite Native American tribes in an effort to defend the Ohio valley territory. The author discusses strategies, battles and outcome.

Examines the legislation enacted under Roosevelt's Second New Deal, and how the New Deal as a whole affected women, African Americans, and Native Americans.

After reading this section, students will be able to locate on a map the major American civilizations before the arrival of the Spanish, discuss the cultural achievements of these civilizations and also the differences and similarities...

From a chapter on "America's War for Independence," this section of the chapter explains Loyalist and Patriot sentiments and identifies different groups that participated in the Revolutionary War.

Text of the short story "The Indian Summer of Dry Valley Johnson" by O. Henry. (Free site registration offers some additional features, e.g., the ability to insert annotations.)

Take this quiz on the women and reform movements of the 19th century.

By reading this section of a chapter on "Colonial Societies," students will be able to explain the reasons for the rise of slavery in the American colonies, describe changes in Indian life, including warfare and hunting, contrast...

A selection of quotations from oral literature of the Delaware--or Lenape--Tribe. Includes the Delaware story of the arrival of the Dutch at Manhattan. Includes a picture of Delaware Chief Lapowinsa.

The history of the Lost Colony of Roanoke Island is told in story form. It tells of the conflict between England and Spain to establish a foothold in the New World, the voyages arranged by Sir Walter Raleigh, the establishment of a...

Use the table of contents to explore this site which recounts the plight of the Native Americans who lived in California before the Gold Rush and the impact of the gold rush on their lives.

English text of the Pima legend "The Flood on Superstition Mountain."

Full text of the traditional Pawnee legend "The Medicine Grizzly Bear."

This is the full text of the novel The Free Rangers by Joseph A. Altsheler, the story of five young "trailers" and "forest rangers," helping the settlers against the Indians and the Spaniards.

This site provides a conversation between missionary Rev. Cram and Sagoyewatha ("Red Jacket", Chief of the Seneca).

This one question matching quiz will help you learn the correct order of US Federal Indian policies. The quiz has a 15 minute time limit.