Details written by James B. Fry, an adjutant to McDowell, describe McDowell's advance and the Union Army's attack and subsequent retreat at the First Battle of Bull Run. From "Battles and Leaders of the Civil War" by Ned Bradford.

Collection of digital resources gathered from public libraries, archives, and museums about American Civil War battles. Explore Civil War military conflicts on land and sea, from Fort Sumter to Appomattox. Use maps and documents to...

A learning module that begins with "Causes of the American Civil War" by Mike Kubic, accompanied by guided reading questions, assessment questions, and discussion questions. The text can be printed as a PDF or assigned online through...

An article by noted historian, Kinley Brauer, discusses the role of foreign policy for both the North and the South in the Civil War. An interesting, and often forgotten, aspect of the war.

The telling of the Civil War from an ecological view from the National Humanities Center. The toll of life taken of young men and animals, the devastation of cities, towns, farmland, trees, and forests - all these factors are discussed...

Article that takes a look at the role of women in the South during the American Civil War especially in Georgia.

Ciphers, codes, and wiretaps were all part of the telegraph service in both the Union and Confederacy. Read about the importance of the telegraph in relaying information and obtaining plans surreptitiously. From "Photographic History of...

A thorough overview of the Battle of Fort Donelson from the United States Civil War. It contains links to official records and actual accounts of the battle.

This site gives a broad overview of the Civil War with a heavy emphasis on battles, strategy, and the overall cost of this troublesome time in US history.

The New Georgia Encyclopedia provides an article describing the role, recruitment, and enlistment of black troops in Georgia during the Civil War.

Though far from the main fighting, California made an outsized contribution to the Union victory, mostly in the form of gold and troops. California proved pivotal to the Union war effort, propping up the economy with its vast gold...

Article detailing the turning points of the Civil War, including the battles at Antietam, Gettysburg, Vicksburg, along with the Emancipation Proclamation and Sherman's March. Link to virtual tour of Gettysburg battlefield.

A presentation on Alfred Waud, who drew for the national press during the Civil War.

Full colorful map for Perryville, Kentucky depicts the Civil War battle there in 1862 when General Braxton Bragg and his Confederate Army invaded Kentucky.

Included is "Declaration of Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession - from the Federal Union" of each state in the Lower South.

This site contains the document in which the Cherokee pledge their allegiance to the Confederacy.

In a time when military pensions were a large part of the federal budget, Black women faced unique challenges in securing compensation. Widows of Civil War soldiers could begin applying to the Bureau of Pensions during the war, and one...

Essay tracks the various religions associated with the African-Americans since their introduction to the New World. Different interpretations from historians are offered for discussion of whether Christianity was helpful to the slaves.

An academic case study on the civil war in the Sudan that provides an especially comprehensive history of the conflict, with insightful analysis of the forces that then shaped the actions of the opposing sides. (Published 1997)

This page gives a brief biography of Dorothea Dix, nurse and social reformer, who was placed in charge of all the Union nurses in the Civil War. From the "Encyclopedia of the Civil War" by Suzanne LeVert.

This resource provides more than 200 sheet music compositions that represent Lincoln, the Civil War and the times. Compiled by the greatest private collector of Lincoln material, Alfred Whital Stern.

Perhaps one of the largest ethinc/cultural group to inhabit Arkansas are the African Americans. Follow their first arrival as slaves working the plantations through all the years toward emancipation, and into present times. Highly...

American popular culture was many-faceted prior to the Civil War. Find out about the explosion of the number of newspapers and magazines, the many kinds of popular entertainment, and even phrenology as entertainment.

Use this interactive lesson to practice evaluating evidence from primary sources in order to draw conclusions about a historical event. In this particular case, the event is the Civil War. The challenge is to decide for yourself which of...