Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Massacre at Sand Creek
A sad recounting of one of the most brutal attacks on Indians during the Indian Wars. Read about the Sand Creek Massacre and the retaliation it prompted.
Yale University
Avalon Project: Treaty With the Cheyenne and Arapaho; October 14, 1865
Actual text of the treaty, which removes members of the Cheyenne and Arapaho nations to a reservation, gives additional land grants in reparation for the Sand Creek Massacre, and promises annual payments to tribal members.
New York Times
New York Times: Col. Chivington, Preacher and Soldier
[Free Registration/Login Required] An article written upon the death of Col. John Chivington in 1894. It recounts particularly his actions in the so-called Sand Creek Massacre.
PBS
Pbs the West: Who Is the Savage?
Tells the story in pictures, narrative and quotes of the Sand Creek Massacre, which took place in 1864 on the Cheyenne reservation near Denver.
PBS
Pbs the West: Colorado
Provides general information on the Sand Creek Massacre with links to information about John Chivington and Black Kettle.
PBS
Pbs: New Perspectives on the West
This in-depth resource presents a history of the American West from pre-Columbian times until World War I with profiles, documents, and images. It encourages visitors to link these into patterns of historical meaning for themselves....
Civil War Home
Home of the American Civil War: Native Americans in the Civil War
An account of the Native American participation in the Civil War in both the Union and Confederate armies. Includes discussion of the beginnings of the Indian Wars, which continued after the conclusion of the Civil War. From the Civil...
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Closing the Frontier
A brief look at the conflict between Native Americans in the last half of the 19th century. By the end of the century, Native Americans were relegated to reservation life. See how the struggle was fought and find out the advantages of...