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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius

For Students 9th - 10th
An in-depth study of the Christian philosopher from the 6th century C.E. There is a comprehensive biographical sketch plus nice analysis of his major works and ideas.
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Pseudo Dionysius the Areopagite

For Students 9th - 10th
A highly detailed look at the works and ideas of the Christian "Neoplationist who lived sometime during the early period of Christianity (5th-6th century C.E. His actual identity is still not known.
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Stanford University

Stanford University: Voluntary Euthanasia

For Students 9th - 10th
A well-reasoned and thoughtful discussion regarding the issues surrounding a person who wants to die. The author examines the conditions needed to make a case for assisted suicide and objections to allowing voluntary euthanasia.
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Stanford University

Ancient Skepticism/stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

For Students 9th - 10th
An excellent, detailed, and lengthy overview of the ancient Skeptic tradition. Divides into Pyrrhonic and Academic Skepticism. Includes many quotes and a full bibliography as well. A superb treatment of the subject.
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Stanford University

Medieval Theories of Analogy

For Students 9th - 10th
Read about the history of the use of analogies, beginning in the Middle Ages. Discusses analogies in terms of logic, theology, and metaphysics. Very informative.
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyl. Of Philosophy: Aristotle's Psychology

For Students 9th - 10th
Detailed, sophisticated analysis from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Aristotelian psychology. Discusses primarily his theories of "hylomorphism", mind, and perception. Also explains Aristotle's famous "four causes."
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Aristotle's Logic

For Students 9th - 10th
Thorough explanation of Aristotle's several original contributions to logic from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Includes a substantial bibliography as well as sections on syllogism, assertion, demonstration, the "Organon,"...
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Category Theory

For Students 9th - 10th
Explains major concepts in "category theory," a common alternative to traditional set theory. Some familiarity with the logical notation is assumed. Article does include sections on the history and general philosophical significance of...
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Stanford University

Many Valued Logic/stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

For Students 9th - 10th
Explains the logical theory of "many-valued logic," a modern alternative to classic logic. Sections address its history, notation and proofs, and applications to linguistics, mathematics, philosophy, and artificial intelligence. For the...
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Stanford University

Relevance Logic/stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

For Students 9th - 10th
Discusses the topic of relevance (or relevant) logics. Presents the theory and applications of relevance logic, which attempts to resolve "fallacies of relevance."
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Stanford University

Stanford Ency. Of Philosophy: Paraconsistent Logic

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy discusses the logical theory of true contradictions, known as paraconsistent logic. Article addresses the history of the theory's development and a technical presentation of its...
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Dialetheism

For Students 9th - 10th
Describes the notion of "dialetheism," the logical theory of true contradictions. Explains its history of development, its philosophical consequences, and its significance for rationality. Excellent bibliography.
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Stanford University

Stanford Ency. Of Philosophy: Logical Construction

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy discusses Bertrand Russell's notion of "logical construction" and its influence in the development of logical positivism. Mostly historical in orientation and is accessible to those...
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Logical Form

For Students 9th - 10th
A terrific introduction from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy to the conventions of notation and form in logic, and indeed to logical philosophy in general. Discusses the logical semantics of propositions, description, analysis,...
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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Singular Propositions

For Students 9th - 10th
Helpful introduction to the mechanics of using "propositions" technically in logic. Article defines several important terms and uses good examples to contrast different types of propositions.
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Russell's Paradox

For Students 9th - 10th
Explains briefly the history and significance of Russell's famous logical paradox. Includes links to other Russell-related websites. Uses a minimum of technical notation.
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Phil.: Principia Mathematica

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy briefly explains the history and significance of the famous logical treatise by Whitehead and Russell. Lists the table of contents from each of its three volumes.
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Stanford University

Stanford Encycl. Of Philosophy: Alfred North Whitehead

For Students 9th - 10th
A biography of Alfred North Whitehead. It lists major events of his life in a chronology, summarizes his philosophical influence, and provides a bibliography both of his own writings and of secondary sources about him.
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Stanford University

Saint Anselm: The Theistic Proofs

For Students 9th - 10th
Explains Anselm's famous method of "faith seeking understanding" in the context of his ontological proof of the existence of God. Anselm's arguments are carefully enumerated in both the "Monologion" and "Proslogion", and then are...
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Turing Machine

For Students 9th - 10th
Explains what a Turing machine is and how one works.
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Stanford University

Stanford Encycl. Of Philosophy: Epistemology of Religion

For Students 9th - 10th
Excellent article examining several contemporary epistemological proposals for understanding "faith" philosophically. First discusses "evidentialism", then subjects it to critiques from several differing perpectives. Clearly written but...
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Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Miracles

For Students 9th - 10th
Excellent essay from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy on the philosophical response to "miraculous" events. Discusses the issues at stake in theories of causation, as well as Hume's famous refutation of miracles. Includes lengthy...
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Stanford University

Stanford Ency. Phiosophy: Deflationary Theory of Truth

For Students 9th - 10th
Sophisticated presentation from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy of a variety of deflationary theories of truth. Begins with a simple explanation and examples, but soon enlists somewhat technical language to explain subtler...
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Stanford University

Stanford Encycl. Of Philosophy: Identity Theory of Truth

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy explains the identity theory of truth as a variant of correspondence theories of truth. Presents the most important sources of the theory, arguments for and against it, and a...

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