Article
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Indian Wars, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Students 9th - 10th
Five documents representing the full range of Indian-European antagonisms, struggles for power, and outright warfare among the Spanish, Pueblo, Wampanoag, English, and French in New Spain, New France, New Mexico, and New England.
Unit Plan
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Enslaved Peoples, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Teachers 9th - 10th
Two Spanish accounts of enslaved Indians in the Caribbean and enslaved Africans in Mexico and statements of the difficulty of maintaining slavery and the lurking threat of a slave revolt.
Article
Other

Seguin Descendants Historical Preservation: Erasmo Seguin

For Students 9th - 10th
Dig deep into the life of Erasmo Seguin, the sole representative from Texas to the constitutional convention after Mexico achieved independence from Spain. He helped to draft the Constitution of 1824 and was a major influence in the...
Article
Texas State Historical Association

Texas State Historical Association: Juan Jose Maria Erasmo De Jesus Seguin

For Students 9th - 10th
Learn about the life and work of Erasmo Seguin, the sole representative from Texas to the constitutional convention after Mexico achieved independence from Spain. He helped to draft the Constitution of 1824 and was a major influence in...
Website
Country Studies US

Country Studies: Encomiendas

For Students 9th - 10th
Read this good description of the encomienda system that was set up by the Spanish to reward the Spanish colonizers in the New World and to subjugate the indigenous people by requiring their labor on the granted land.
Website
Digital History

Digital History: The Texas Revolution

For Students 9th - 10th
Why would American citizens emigrate to Spanish-held, and later Mexican-held Texas? Read about the reasons, their grievances against their Mexican rulers, and the eventual revolution that brought independence to Texas.