The sodium-potassium pump uses active transport to move molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration. The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium ions out of and potassium ions into the cell. This pump is powered by ATP. For...

Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher concentration. Tonicity refers to how an extracellular solution affects a cell’s water content, described as...

This brief video tutorial briefly discusses cell membrane transport: 0:00​​. Introduction 0:15. Permeability of cell membrane 2:57. Diffusion - 3:08. Simple diffusion - 3:37. Facilitated diffusion (ion leak channels, voltage gated...

This brief video tutorial briefly discusses body fluid compartments: 0:00​​. Introduction 0:33. Water contributes to 60% of our body mass 0:44. Water is found in intracellular compartments (2/3) and extracellular compartments (1/3) -...

This brief video tutorial discusses the nephron, renal corpuscle, renal tubules and JG apparatus: 0:00​​. Introduction 0:20. Nephron foundations - 0:24. Overview of nephron (parts) - 1:34. Key fluids. plasma, filtrate, tubular fluid,...

Nitric Oxide Synthase: Physiology, Biochemistry, and Mechanism

Part 1 of 2 of excitation-contraction coupling | In this video, we discuss excitation-contraction coupling from events on the motor neuron axon all the way through opening of calcium channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).

In this video, we discuss all steps of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle from events on the motor neuron axon all the way through cross-bridge cycling between actin and myosin.

Heroin & Morphine | Metabolism & Mechanism of Action

In this video, we will discuss the events of Excitation-Contraction Coupling from the motor neuron action potential to release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). **Part 2 Coming Soon

Muscle Physiology 2: Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels and the Action Potential

Osteoblast Physiology

Terminating a G protein Coupled Response

Muscle Physiology 1: Converting a Nerve Impulse into a Muscle Action Potential

In this video, we discuss Calcium as a Second Messenger

In this video, we explore the mechanisms of cannabinoids such as CBD in the treatment of pain. Also explored are basic pain signaling, 2-AG, and anandamide.

Muscle Physiology 3: Sodium-Potassium Pump

In this video, we will discuss the purpose of graded potentials, EPSPs, and IPSPs; and how the summation of all graded potentials by the soma dictates whether an action potential occurs.

In this video, we will discuss the differences between primary and secondary active transport by looking at a few specific transport mechanisms.