When you're enjoying an intimate moment with that special someone, the peanut butter and jelly sandwich you ate for lunch is probably the last thing on your mind. But sexually transmitted allergens are a thing, and nut allergies aren't...

Houseplants can be great for your mental health, but eating some of them can be far worse for your bodily health than you might think.

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A great Caesar salad recipe gets its swagger from a great Caesar dressing recipe. Squeamish about raw egg yolks and anchovies? Sorry. Yolks are what give richness to the emulsion, while anchovies provide a briny blast (and that whole...

We've covered macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, so let's move on the mast cells. These are examples of granulocytes, and they are involved in a variety of immune responses. Let's get a closer look now!

The first aspect of the innate immune system we will examine is the many barrier surfaces, such as the skin, as well as the linings of the respiratory tract and digestive tract. These cells have to constantly prevent infection from the...

Zinc Deficiency | Dietary Sources, Causes, Signs & Symptoms (ex. Hair Loss), Diagnosis, Treatment



Zinc is an essential element required for human health, being utilized for nearly 100 different enzymes for a wide variety of...

Clostridium (Clostridioides) Difficile (“Antibiotic -Associated Diarrhea”) | Risk Factors, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment



Clostridium (Clostridioides) Difficile (or “C. Diff”) is a gram positive bacteria that is an important...

Lesson on Vitamin B12 Deficiency Causes, including dietary intake issues, medication use, gastrointestinal disease (ex. crohn’s disease, celiac disease), GI infections, pancreatic disease and autoimmune conditions (ex. pernicious...

Learn the basics about Barium meals, and why they are useful, as part of the uses of salts topic within acids and bases.

Researchers at Ninepoint Medical and Massachusetts General Hospital have developed a new tethered, pill sized endoscope that can provide cross-sectional and three-dimensional images of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Researchers placed...

Colon Cancer (Colorectal Carcinoma) is a cancer of the large intestine and/or rectum. This cancer can cause a variety of signs and symptoms, which we will discuss in this lesson.

Tapeworm Infection Signs & Symptoms, Nutrient Deficiencies, & Complications



There are a number of Tapeworm species that can infect humans leading to several tapeworm-related conditions (in this lesson we discuss taeniasis,...

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency | Food Sources, Purposes, Absorption, Causes, Symptoms (Beriberi etc.)



Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) is a water soluble vitamin important in energy metabolism (involving at least 3 enzymes required...

Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO) Signs & Symptoms, & Why They Occur



Small bowel obstructions (SBO) are mechanical blockages or occlusions of the small intestine. They can occur due to the small intestine twisting or “kinking” due...

Iron-Deficiency Anemia | Causes, Pathophysiology, Signs & Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment



Iron Deficiency Anemia is a hematological condition involving low levels of hemoglobin (red blood cells) due to deficiency of iron, which...

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can involve inflammation anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (anywhere from mouth to perianal region). Due to it being a chronic inflammatory state, Crohn’s disease can lead...

Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO) | Risk Factors, Causes, Signs & Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment



Small bowel obstructions (SBO) are mechanical blockages or occlusions of the small intestine. They can occur due to the small...

Weird Symptoms of Tapeworm Infection (Skin, Psychological, Neurological)



Tapeworms are parasites that infect the gastrointestinal tract in humans. Many species infect humans, with each species causing many similar...

Giardiasis (Beaver Fever) | Infection Sources, Pathophysiology, Signs & Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment



Giardiasis (also known as Beaver Fever) is a gastrointestinal condition caused by infection with the protozoal...

Here's a nice and easy song to help you remember the journey of food down the Digestive System. Sing along, enjoy, and learn!

We have all heard that dietary fiber is necessary for good GI and overall health. Human intestinal cells do not have enzymes to break down fiber, so how could this be? Here we will discuss the role of bacteria in fiber metabolism and...

Ulcerative Colitis Signs and Symptoms (& Why They Occur), and Complications



Ulcerative Colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that involves inflammation in the large intestine (colon). Due to it being a chronic...

Meckel Diverticulum (Most Common Congenital Intestinal Anomaly) | Causes, Symptoms & Complications, Diagnosis, Treatment



Meckel Diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, occurring in...

Learn the basics about how to make insoluble salts as a part of the overall acids and bases topic.