Bozeman Science
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
In this video Paul Andersen explains the elements in the Hardy-Weinberg equation; including the allele frequency and phenotype frequency. He begins with a brief explanation of phenotypes and genotypes. A sample problem is worked out and...
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What are Chromosomes?
In this video Paul Andersen answers this question about chromosomes. He explains how the base pairs of DNA form genes which are organized into the chromosomes of the overall genome.
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Genotype Expression
Paul Andersen explains how genotypes can be expressed or not based on changes in the environment. He starts with a brief description of the Himalayan rabbit and how melanin production can be disrupted by high temperature. He explains...
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Solving Hardy Weinberg Problems
Paul Andersen shows you how to solve simple Hardy-Weinberg problems. He starts with a brief description of a gene pool and shows you how the formula is derived. He then shows you how to solve a couple of sample problems.
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Mechanisms that Increase Genetic Variation
Paul Andersen describes mechanisms that increase the genetic variation within a population. He begins by discussing how horizontal transfer can move genetic material between bacteria. Transformation, transduction, and conjugation in...
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AP Biology Lab 6: Molecular Biology
Paul Andersen explains the two major portions of the molecular biology lab in AP Biology. He starts by discussing the process of transformation. He explains how you can use the pGLO plasmid to produce glowing E. coli bacteria. He then...
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Diffusion Demo
Mr. Andersen talks you through the diffusion demo. After you finish watching this video you should be able to rank the following from smallest to largest: starch, glucose, water, IKI and the pores in the dialysis tubing.
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AP Biology Lab 4: Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis
Paul Andersen explains how pigments can be separated using chromatography. He shows how you can calculate the Rf value for each pigment. He then explains how you can measure the rate of photosynthesis using leaf chads and water...
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Coevolution
Paul Andersen explains the concept of coevolution. He begins with an analogy comparing the relationship of humans to technology with those of coevolving species. He then discriminates between coevolution and convergent evolution. He...
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Thermoregulation
Paul Andersen explains how organisms are able to regulate their internal body temperature (or not). He starts with a brief description conduction, convection, radiation and metabolism. He contrasts ectotherms and endotherms. He also...
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Photosynthesis Lab Walkthrough
Mr. Andersen shows you how to sink leaf chads in preparation for the AP Biology photosynthesis lab. An empty syringe is used to remove gas from the leaves before the lab. As the chloroplasts absorb light they produce oxygen bubbles which...
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Mutations
Paul Andersen describes the major mutations found in the living world. He starts with an analogy comparing the information in DNA with the information in a recipe. Changes in the DNA can result in changes to the protein, like changes...
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Eukarya
Paul Andersen discusses the defining characteristics of the members of Domain Eukarya. He starts with a brief description of the phylogeny of life on earth. He then discusses the major characteristics of eukaryotic cells. He explains how...
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Genetic Recombination and Gene Mapping
In this video Paul Andersen explains how the frequency of recombination between linked genes can be used to determine the relative location of genes on a chromosome. Thomas Hunt Morgan and Alfred Strutevant used the fruit fly to develop...
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Finding Stomata
Paul Andersen shows you how to find stomata in a dicot and monocot leaf using finger nail polish and transparent tape. A microscope is required to actually see the stomata.
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The Immune System
Paul Andersen explains how your body protects itself from invading viruses and bacteria. He starts by describing the nonspecific immune responses of skin and inflammation. He then explains how we use antibodies to disrupt the function of...
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Biodiversity
Paul Andersen explains the importance of biodiversity. He starts by describing how biodiversity can be species, genetic or ecosystem diversity. He explains the importance of keystone species in an environment and gives two examples; the...
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AP Biology Lab 11: Animal Behavior
Paul Andersen introduces the concept of ethology and contrasts kinesis and taxis. He explains the importance of courtship rituals in fruit flies. He finally shows you how to use a choice chamber to study behavior in pill bugs.
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DNA and RNA - Part 1
Paul Andersen introduces the nucleic acids of life; RNA and DNA. He details the history of DNA from Griffith, to Avery, to Hershey and finally to Watson and Crick. He also details the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic...
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Enzymes
Paul Andersen explains how enzymes are used to break down substrates. The correct shape of the active site allows a key/lock fit between the enzyme and the substrate. The enzyme catalase is used to break down hydrogen peroxide. The...
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Probability in Genetics: Multiplication and Addition Rules
Paul Andersen shows you how to use the rules of multiplication and addition to correctly solve genetics problems. The rule of multiplication can be applied to independent events in sequence. The rule of addition can be applied to...
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Proteins
Paul Andersen explains the structure and importance of proteins. He describes how proteins are created from amino acids connected by dehydration synthesis. He shows the importance of chemical properties in the R-groups of individual...
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The Chloroplast
In this video Paul Andersen explains how the chloroplast in plants harnesses power from the Sun to form high energy molecules like glucose. The structure of a chloroplast as well as a brief discussion of the light reaction and Calvin...
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Abiogenesis
Paul Andersen describes how life could have formed on our planet through natural processes. The progression from monomers, to polymers, to protocells and finally to cells is described. The Miller-Urey experiment is described in detail as...