Bozeman Science
Development: Timing and Coordination
Paul Andersen explains how genes control the timing and coordination of embryo development. Seed germination initiates the discussion of cell differentiation. The SRY gene and genetic transplantation shows the importance of embryonic...
Bozeman Science
The Endocrine System
Paul Andersen explains the major elements in the endocrine system. He explains how glands produce hormones which target cells. He differentiates between water soluble and lipid soluble hormones. He then describes the hormones and actions...
Bozeman Science
Cellular Organelles
Paul Andersen describes the structure and function of the major organelles in a eukaryotic cell. The endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and golgi complex produce and store proteins in the cell. Lysosomes dissolve broken and invasive...
Bozeman Science
The Hierarchy of Life
Paul Andersen explains how biology is ordered in the hierarchy of life. He first of all describes how emergent properties appear as you move to more inclusive systems. The then describes life at the following levels; atom, molecule,...
Bozeman Science
Chi-squared Test
Paul Andersen shows you how to calculate the ch-squared value to test your null hypothesis. He explains the importance of the critical value and defines the degrees of freedom. He also leaves you with a problem related to the animal...
Bozeman Science
Biology
Paul Andersen introduces the topic of Biology. He covers each of the four main ideas that were developed by the College Board. These ideas revolve around the concepts of evolution, free energy, information and systems.
Bozeman Science
The Digestive System
Paul Andersen starts with a brief description of feeding methods. He then details all of the major parts within the human digestive system. This tour starts in the mouth, move down the esophagus, through the stomach, small investing,...
Amoeba Sisters
Endocrine System
Explore the endocrine system with the Amoeba Sisters! This video briefly discusses endocrine vs exocrine before showing major endocrine glands and discussing examples of hormones released by each gland. Video also provides an example of...
Bozeman Science
Cellular Specialization
In this podcast Paul Andersen explains how cells differentiate to become tissue specific. He also explains the role of transcription factors in gene regulation. The location of a cell within the blastula ultimately determines its fate....
Bozeman Science
Logistic Growth
Paul Andersen explains how populations eventually reach a carrying capacity in logistic growth. He begins with a brief discussion of population size ( N ), growth rate ( r ) and exponential growth. He then explains how density dependent...
Amoeba Sisters
Diffusion
Explore how substances travel in diffusion with the Amoeba Sisters! This video uses a real life example and mentions concentration gradients, passive transport, facilitated diffusion, and explains why diffusion is critical for all...
Bozeman Science
Nucleic Acids
Paul Andersen explains the importance and structure of nucleic acids. He begins with an introduction to DNA and RNA. He then describes the important parts of a nucleotide and shows how they are connected through covalent and hydrogen...
Bozeman Science
X Inactivation
Paul Andersen explains how X inactivation works in mammals. This process was first described by Mary Lyon. Each cell in a female will have on activated and one inactivated X chromosome. This explains why almost all calico cats are female.
Bozeman Science
AP Biology Lab 2: Enzyme Catalysis
Paul Andersen starts with a brief description of enzymes and substrates. He then explains how you can measure the rate of an enzyme mediated reaction. Catalase from yeast is used to break hydrogen peroxide down into water and oxygen. ...
Bozeman Science
Microevolution
Paul Andersen defines microevolution as any change in the frequency of the allele pool. He then explains the five mechanisms of evolution; small sample size, non-random mating, mutations, gene flow and natural selection.
Bozeman Science
Homeostasis Hugs
Paul Andersen explains how hugs between tissues can help maintain homeostasis. Countercurrent heat exchange allows heat to stay within the core of the body. Close contacts between the capillaries and alveoli allow our body to maintain...
Bozeman Science
Compartmentalization
Paul Andersen explains how eukaryotic cells use compartmentalization to increase the surface area and level of specialization within the cell. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared and contrasted. The role of both the mitochodria...
Bozeman Science
Speciation and Extinction
Paul Andersen details the evolutionary processes of speciation and extinction. Stickleback evolution in Lake Loberg is used as example of rapid speciation. Adaptive radiation is illustrated using the Hawaiian honeycreeper. A brief...
Bozeman Science
Viral Replication
Paul Andersen explains how viruses reproduce using the lytic cycle. He also shows how viruses can pick up new genetic material and how retroviruses (like HIV) can enter into the lytic cycle. He also describes the lysogenic cycle and how...
Bozeman Science
Populations
Paul Andersen explains how populations interact in an ecosystem. The symbiosis of several populations is based on effects that may be neutral, positive, or negative. Interactions like mutualism, commensalism and parasitism are included....
Amoeba Sisters
DNA Replication (Updated)
Explore the steps of DNA replication, the enzymes involved, and the difference between the leading and lagging strand! This video is an update from our old DNA replication video with nearly the same script but added detail and improved...
Bozeman Science
Speciation
Paul Andersen explains how reproductive isolation can eventually lead to speciation. Three main barriers to gene flow are included: geographic, pre-zygotic and post-zygotic. Both allopatric and sympatric speciation are discussed. A brief...
Bozeman Science
Cell Membranes
Paul Andersen explains how cells are selectively permeable with the help of their cell membrane. The main constituents of the cell membrane, including cholesterol, glycolipids, glycoproteins, phospholipids, and proteins are included. The...
Amoeba Sisters
Nervous System
Join the Amoeba Sisters on this introduction to the Nervous System! This video briefly describes the division of the central nervous system (including going over some general areas of the brain) and the peripheral nervous system before...