Curated Video
Solids, Liquids and Gases
What is the difference between solids, liquids and gases? How does each state behave? Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. The kinetic theory of matter states that particles are in constant motion and there are forces of...
Curated Video
Electrolysis: Discovery, Process, and Industrial Applications
Electrolysis is fundamental to industrial processes. How was it discovered, how does it work and what are its uses? Chemistry - Reactions - Learning Points. The Chemist Humphry Davy developed the reaction we now call electrolysis....
Curated Video
Shockwaves: The Damage Caused by Supersonic Speeds
Discover the damage caused by shockwaves and how they are created by supersonic speeds. Physics - Waves - Learning Points. Waves of high pressure are produced when something moves through a medium at supersonic speed. At supersonic...
Curated Video
Citrus Fruit Battery
We use lemons and strips of zinc and copper to make a battery. First, strips of copper and zinc are added to one lemon and they are connected across a voltmeter. This is repeated, this time with more lemons and metal plates, until a...
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Making Slime
We make slime using borax, water and food colouring. The slime is a non-Newtonian liquid. A non-Newtonian liquid can behave like a liquid or a solid depending on the pressure applied to it. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning...
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Dancing Polymer
We create a polymer using cornflour and water called oobleck. Oobleck is a non-Newtonian liquid that behaves like a solid and a liquid. When placed on a speaker, the vibrations cause the polymer to constantly change its behaviour and it...
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Fire Extinguisher Sublimation
We release carbon dioxide from a fire extinguisher against a dark cloth to see what happens. The expanding gas cools as it leaves the extinguisher, forming a visible dry ice solid on the cloth. As it warms, the carbon dioxide vanishes...
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The Halogens
Halogens are hazardous to human life, yet they can also be very useful. How do they react when they meet other elements? Chemistry - Periodic Table - Learning Points. The halogens are the elements in Group 7 of the periodic table. The...
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Non-Newtonian Liquids
Introducing the liquids whose behaviours seem to defy the accepted states of matter. What are they and why don't they behave as we predict? Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Newtonian liquids take the shape of their...
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Core (Earth sciences)
The central, usually hottest and densest, part of a larger structure, for example a star, planet or galaxy. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual...
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Supermarket solids and liquids
Take a trip to the supermarket to see the differences between solids and liquids. The world around us - Exploring materials - What is everything made of? Learning Points Things can be identified as solids or liquids. Solids keep their...
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Ice festival
Water can exist as solid ice and liquid water. The world around us - Exploring materials - Freezing and melting Learning Points If liquid water cools to below 0°C, it will freeze into solid ice. If solid ice warms to above 0°C, it will...
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Liquids – Did you know?
Did you know that mercury has a low melting point and is the only metal which is liquid at room temperature? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Liquids Learning Points Mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at room...
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Changing properties
What chemical and physical changes are at play in cake baking. Material processes - Changing materials - More chemical reactions Learning Points Chemical changes are usually irreversible. Physical changes are usually reversible. Chemical...
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Solids – Clip
Find out how and why some solid substances are able to flow. Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Solids Learning Points An avalanche is a fast moving flow of solid snow and ice. A Twig Tidbit Film - Clip. A short film that...
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The wonder of water
We use water every day ... but what do you really know about it? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Characteristics of water Learning Points Water is the only substance on Earth that occurs naturally in all three states....
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Minerals
Discover the world of minerals and learn about their uses. Material processes - Classifying materials - Minerals Learning Points Minerals are naturally occurring substances with a unique chemical make-up. Minerals have many uses. The...
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What is a solid?
What properties do solids, liquids and gases have? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Solids Learning Points Solids have a fixed shape that can only be changed by external force. Solids have a fixed volume. The molecules in...
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The Earth's layers
Journey to the centre of the Earth. Physical processes -The Earth and beyond - The Earth's layers Learning Points The Earth is made up of four layers. The crust is divided into plates. The mantle is the thickest layer. The inner core is...
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Very strange liquids
Not all liquids act the same ... some can behave very strangely indeed! Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Liquids Learning Points Liquids do not have a fixed shape. Non-Newtonian liquids change behaviour when a force is...
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Everyday liquids
What are the properties of a liquid? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Liquids Learning Points Liquids do not have a fixed shape. The speed at which a liquid flows is known as viscosity. Liquids have fixed volume. The...
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Heat energy
Discover that heat energy can turn a solid metal into liquid. Physical processes - Energy and energy transfer - Heat and temperature Learning Points Heat energy always travels from a hotter to a cooler area. Heat energy causes molecules...
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Liquefaction
A fascinating example of a solid behaving as a liquid. Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Solids Learning Points Liquefaction causes solid soil to take on some characteristics of liquids. A Twig Context Film. Reinforce and...
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How do sounds travel?
Find out that sound waves always need a medium to travel through. Physical processes - Sound - How does sound travel? Learning Points Sound waves are known as compression waves. Sound waves travel at different speeds depending on the...