A rainbow is not actually shaped like a semicircle or an arc; that is simply the shape that we see. In fact, a rainbow is a circle, but we can’t see the full shape because the horizon cuts off the lower half. However, if you were...

In physics, the normal is a line perpendicular to a surface.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science...

When a ray or beam is reflected from a surface, the angle of incidence is the angle between the incident, or approaching, ray and a line perpendicular to the surface at this point.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
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When a ray or beam is reflected from a surface, the angle of reflection is the angle made between the reflected ray and a line perpendicular to the surface at the point of reflection.
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A Twig Science
Glossary...

The complete reflection of a light ray within a transparent material.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig...

The change in direction of a wave caused by its change in velocity, as it moves from one medium into another.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images...

Light can be transported over huge distances via fibre optic cables, losing virtually no information. How is this possible? Physics - Waves - Learning Points. Fibre-optic cables carry information from our phones and computers as light. A...

Discover how parallax can be used to measure distances, and how early astronomers used it to find the distance of stars from Earth. Maths - Space A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the curriculum. Twig’s math...

Coastal erosion produces beautiful beaches and some rather unusual land formations, from spits to stacks, mud flats to salt marshes. Earth Science - Geology - Learning Points. Cliffs are formed when destructive waves attack the bottom of...

When light hits something, a number of things can happen: it can be reflected, refracted, diffracted or absorbed. But what does this mean? Physics - Waves - Learning Points. Manipulation of light is vital to our survival. Light waves...

Discover the geometry underlying the design of Chartres Cathedral in France, and its many decorative features. Maths - Shape A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the curriculum. Twig’s math films show abstract...

The use of 3-4-5 triangles in creating uniform right-angles and angles of incline in the ancient Pyramids of Egypt. Maths - Shape A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the curriculum. Twig’s math films show...

The story of how a Persian scholar calculated the Earth's circumference over 1000 years ago, using only a mountain and trigonometry. Maths - Shape A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the curriculum. Twig’s...

How Maharaja Jai Singh used scale to build and enhance the accuracy of his giant astronomical sundials. Maths - History Of Maths A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the curriculum. Twig’s context films show...

A special set of symmetrical solid shapes that were once thought to be the building blocks of the Universe – what are the characteristics of the Platonic Solids? Includes summing of interior angles. Maths - Shape A Twig Math Film....

How the ancient Greeks were able to use trigonometry to build the first aqueduct, tunnelling from two sides of a mountain to meet in the middle. Maths - Shape A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the...

What is tessellation, where is it found, how does it work, and how did artist MC Escher translate it into geometric art? Maths - Shape A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the curriculum. Twig’s context films...

The use of direct and indirect proportion in navigating the Voyager spacecraft to the outer planets. Maths - Number A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the curriculum. Twig’s context films show abstract...

What are the trigonometric functions and how did the sine function allow Indian astronomers to prove that the Sun was 400 times farther from Earth than the Moon? Maths - Shape A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required...

How the ancient art of paper-folding solved some of the geometric puzzles that had plagued mathematic minds for millennia. Maths - Measurement A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the curriculum. Twig’s context...

The Bank of China Towers in Hong Kong were once Asia's tallest buildings. To stabilise the structure, the strongest shape was used... the triangle. Maths - Shape A Twig Math Film. Reinforce and extend the learning required by the...

Learn that shadows change size as the angle of a light source changes.
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Physical processes -L
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ght - Shadows />

Learning Points
The length of a shadow can change
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ith the angle of the light...

Find out how shadows are formed and what types of materials produce shadows.
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Physical processes - L
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ght - Shadows />

Learning Points
Shadows are created when
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n object blocks the...

Investigate why shadows change size during the day.
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Physical processes - Light - The Sun as
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Learning Points
Shadows change size during the day b
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cause of the position...