Bozeman Science
Hardy-Weinberg Equation
In this video Paul Andersen explains the elements in the Hardy-Weinberg equation; including the allele frequency and phenotype frequency. He begins with a brief explanation of phenotypes and genotypes. A sample problem is worked out and...
Bozeman Science
Calorimetry
In this video Paul Andersen describes the history of calorimetry and explains how it can be used to measure energy changes in a system. The specific heat of water is well established and so as a system releases or absorbs energy from a...
Bozeman Science
Stratospheric Ozone
In this video Paul Andersen explains how stratospheric ozone protects humans from ultraviolet light. He explains how stratospheric ozone is formed when diatomic oxygen absorbs an ultraviolet photon and is split into two free oxygen...
Bozeman Science
What are Chromosomes?
In this video Paul Andersen answers this question about chromosomes. He explains how the base pairs of DNA form genes which are organized into the chromosomes of the overall genome.
Bozeman Science
Center of Mass
In this video Paul Andersen explains how the center of mass of an object represents the average position of matter in an object. The center of mass of a system is a combination of all the objects within the system. As long as no external...
Bozeman Science
Electric Field Strength
In this video Paul Andersen explains how the electric field strength is directly related to the amount of charge that generates the field.
Bozeman Science
Strong Nuclear Force
In this video Paul Andersen explains how the strong nuclear force holds the nucleus together in spite of repulsive electrostatic charges acting on the nucleons. Mesons exchanged between nucleons keep the nucleus intact and gluons...
Bozeman Science
Bernoulli's Equation
In the video Paul Andersen explains how Bernoulli's Equation describes the conservation of energy in a fluid. The equation describes the pressure energy, potential energy, and kinetic energy of a fluid at a single point. A sample problem...
Bozeman Science
Traveling Waves
In this video Paul Andersen explains how traveling waves move through space and time. The reflection and interference of traveling waves can create standing waves which appear motionless. Examples of traveling waves in one and two...
Bozeman Science
Continuity Equation
In this video Paul Andersen explains how the continuity equation is an application of conservation of matter in a fluid. The continuity equation may apply to either mass or volumetric flow. Example problem and examples are included.
Bozeman Science
The Neuron
In this video Paul Andersen explains the basic anatomy of a neuron; including the dendrites, cell body, axon hillock, axon, and axon terminal. He also describes how neurons are classified both structurally and functionally.
Bozeman Science
Nuclear Energy
In this video Paul Andersen explains how nuclear energy is released during fission of radioactive uranium. Light water reactors, nuclear waste, and nuclear accidents are also discussed along with the future of nuclear energy.
Bozeman Science
Vector Field
In this video Paul Andersen explains how a vector field shows the distribution of vector quantities. In AP Physics 1 student should be able to map and understand gravitational vector fields. In AP Physics 2 students should be able to map...
Bozeman Science
Wave Superposition
In this video Paul Andersen explains how waves interact when moving through one another. Unlike particles waves can interfere both constructively and destructively. The amount of interference is determined through the superposition...
Bozeman Science
Ray Diagrams - Lenses
In this video Paul Andersen explains how ray diagrams for lenses can be used to determine the size and location of a refracted image. Images may be either real or virtual images. Ray diagrams for converging and diverging lenses are...
Bozeman Science
Light Absorption, Reflection, and Transmission
In this video Paul Andersen explains how light can be absorbed, reflected, or transmitted as it moves from one medium to another. The reflection of different wavelengths creates the perceived color of an object. Absorbed light is...
Bozeman Science
Temperature
In this video Paul Andersen explains how the temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. The temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy according to the Kelvin scale. At absolute zero...
Bozeman Science
Catalysts
Paul Andersen explains how catalysts can speed up a reaction without being consumed in the reaction. Catalysts can lower the activation energy of reaction be stabilizing the transition state. They can also create new reaction pathways...
Bozeman Science
Wave Equation
In this video Paul Andersen explains how a sine or cosine wave can describe the position of the wave based on wavelength or wave period. A wave function can the position of a wave as a function or the amplitude and wavelength or the...
Bozeman Science
Solutions
In this video Paul Andersen explains the important properties of solutions. A solution can be either a solid, liquid or gas but it must be homogeneous in nature. The solutes can not be separated with a filter and so either chromatography...
Bozeman Science
Thermal Conductivity
In this video Paul Andersen explains how thermal conductivity measures the ability of material to transfer heat from a hot to a cold object. The thermal conductivity of conductors is high because the heat travels through the delocalized...
Bozeman Science
Solid Waste
In this video Paul Andersen explains the basics of solid waste including trends over time, basic composition, and disposal. A brief description of the three R's (reuse, reduce, and recycle) is included as ways to minimize waste....
Bozeman Science
Magnetic Field of a Dipole
In this video Paul Andersen explains how current moving through a loop of wire can act as an analog for a magnetic dipole. Magnetic dipoles (like compass needles) respond to magnetic fields created by other magnets.
Bozeman Science
Beats
In this video Paul Andersen explains how beats are created through interference of waves with similar frequencies. The changes in amplitude are caused by destructive and constructive interference. The frequency of beats is equal to the...