Bozeman Science
Metallic Bonding
In this video Paul Andersen explains how metallic bonding structure creates the different properties of metals. The electron sea model explains how the positive nuclei are locked into a negative sea of delocalized electrons. This sharing...
Bozeman Science
Heat
In this video Paul Andersen explains how heat is the movement of energy from an object with a higher temperature to an object with lower temperature. Heat transfer can occur through conduction, convection, and radiation.
Bozeman Science
Ecosystem Diversity
In this video Paul Andersen explains how biodiversity can be measured through genetic, species, or ecosystem variety on the planet. Species diversity is increased through speciation and decrease through extinction. The mechanism for...
Bozeman Science
Intermolecular Forces
In this video Paul Andersen explains how intermolecular forces differ from intramolecular forces. He then explains how differences in these forces account for different properties in solid, liquids and gases. Some of these properties...
Bozeman Science
The Brain
In this video Paul Andersen explains the structures and functions of seventeen major parts of the brain. He begins with a quick discussion of brain evolution and ends with a review of the major parts presented inside the brainstem,...
Bozeman Science
Geology
In this video Paul Andersen explains how rock is formed and changed on the planet. The video begins with a brief description of rocks, minerals, and the rock cycle. Plate tectonics is used to describe structure near plate boundaries. Hot...
Bozeman Science
Matter as a Particle
In this video Paul Andersen explains how matter, like light, can be treated as both a particle and a wave. Louis de Broglie proposed that matter could act as a wave and described the wavelength of matter as a function of Planck's...
Bozeman Science
Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
In this video Paul Andersen compares and contrasts transverse and longitudinal waves. Waves carry energy through oscillations. In transverse waves the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of the wave and in longitudinal they...
Bozeman Science
The Nature of Science
In this video Paul Andersen explains the nature of science. He describes how science is a way of knowing about the natural world. Scientists develop investigations to gather evidence and make explanations about how the natural world...
Bozeman Science
Forestry and Rangelands
In this video Paul Andersen explains how forests and rangelands are managed to provide renewable lumber and cattle. Threats to renewability of forests include old-growth logging, forest fires, and tree plantations. Threats to renewable...
Bozeman Science
Contact Forces
In this video Paul Andersen explains how contact forces result from interatomic forces. The following forces are explained at the interatomic level: normal force, applied force, friction force, tension force, spring force, and buoyant...
Bozeman Science
Thermal Equlibrium
In this video Paul Andersen explains how objects in contact with varying temperatures will eventually reach thermal equilibrium with equal temperatures. The amount of thermal energy transferred is related to the mass and temperature of...
Bozeman Science
Environmental Science
In this video Paul Andersen outlines the AP Environmental Science course. He explains how environmental science studies the interaction between earth and human systems. A planetary boundary model is used to explain the importance of...
Bozeman Science
CER - Claim Evidence Reasoning
In this video Paul Andersen explains how the CER framework can be used to give explanations in a science classroom. In order to make a complete explanation a Claim must be supported by Evidence and Reasoning connecting the evidence to...
Bozeman Science
Population Ecology
In this video Paul Andersen explains how population ecology studies the density, distribution, size, sex ration, and age structure of populations. Intrinsic growth rate and exponential growth calculations are included along with a...
Bozeman Science
Soil and Soil Dynamics
In this video Paul Andersen explains how soils are formed and classified. Weathering of rock creates particles which are mixed with water, air, and organic material. Soils are classified according to particle size, chemical makeup, and...
Bozeman Science
The Rate-Limiting Step
In this video Paul Andersen explains why the slowest elementary step in a chemical reaction is the rate-limiting step. This step can be used to determine the overall rate law of the chemical reaction.
Bozeman Science
Human Population Size
In this video Paul Andersen explains how the world population has undergone exponential growth since the industrial revolution. Predicting the future world population is difficult because each country will grow at different rates....
Bozeman Science
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
In this video Paul Andersen explains how energy flows in ecosystems. Energy enters via producers through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Producers and consumers release the energy from food through cellular respiration. An explanation...
Bozeman Science
Ecosystem Ecology
In this video Paul Andersen explains how ecosystems function. He begins with a description of how life on the planet is ordered from large to small in biomes, ecosystems, communities, population, and individuals. He describes the major...
Bozeman Science
Energy Transfer
In this video Paul Andersen explains how energy can be transferred from one system to another. In a closed system the energy can be transferred as either work or heat. Thermal energy transfer is know as energy transfer through heat....
Bozeman Science
Conservation of Energy
In this video Paul Andersen explains how energy can neither be created nor destroyed but may be transferred. Energy comes in many forms (including chemical, mechanical, light, electrical, and thermal). In AP Chemistry students must be...
Bozeman Science
Simple Harmonic Motion
In this video Paul Andersen explains how simple harmonic motion occurs when a restoring force returns an object toward equilibrium. The two types of harmonic motion studied in AP Physics are the mass spring oscillator and the simple...
Bozeman Science
Human Population Impacts
In this video Paul Andersen talks about the impacts of human growth on the environment and on themselves. The population, affluence, and destructive technology of a population impact the environment according to the IPAT equation. An...