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Crystallisation
The formation of solid crystals from a solution, or a cooling liquid or gas. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary Films...
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Emulsion
A mixture in which droplets of one liquid are suspended in another. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary Films...
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Aerosol
A suspension of very fine liquid or solid particles in a gas. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary Films reinforce...
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Viscosity
The measure of a liquid's resistance to flow. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary Films reinforce abstract concepts...
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Molten
A substance that has been converted to liquid form by heating. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary Films reinforce...
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Surface tension
The cohesive force that occurs at the surface of a liquid, due to the attractive forces between molecules. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual...
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Expansion and Contraction
Discover how different materials react to heat, and why this can be both useful and dangerous. Physics - Energy And Radioactivity - Learning Points. Temperature affects the size and shape of an object due to the expansion and contraction...
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Gas Laws
The air we breathe is made up of a mixture of gases. Discover the invisible forces of gas at work around us. Physics - Forces - Learning Points. The air we breathe is made up of gases including nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The...
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Introduction to the Periodic Table
In 1869, Russian scientist Dmitri Mendeleev created the Periodic Table, ordering the naturally occurring elements by their structure and properties. His Periodic Table changed the course of Chemistry forever, and even predicted the...
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Changing States of Matter
Water can either be a solid, a liquid or a gas. How does matter change state? Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Ice, liquid water and steam all consist of exactly the same molecules. Evaporation occurs when the temperature...
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The Race for Absolute Zero: Liquefying Gas
How a race between two scientists to liquefy gases led them near to absolute zero - the coldest temperature possible. Physics - Energy And Radioactivity - Learning Points. Absolute zero occurs at -273.15 degrees Celsius. Absolute zero is...
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Forensics: Chromatography
Find out how chromatography can be used to create the chemical 'colour fingerprint' of a substance. What are the two chromatography methods and how are they used to solve crimes? Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points....
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Structure of the Earth
The land surface of the Earth accounts for 1% of its total volume. Travel from the core to Earth's surface, examining the layers that make up our planet. Earth Science - Geology - Learning Points. The Earth is made up of four layers. The...
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Intermolecular Forces
Discover the role played by intermolecular forces in changing the state of matter between solid, liquid and gas. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Intermolecular forces are the attractive forces between molecules....
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Mendeleev's Prophecy
When Mendeleev created the Periodic Table in 1869, he also predicted the existence of elements yet to be discovered, including gallium. What are the properties of this rare metal and why was its discovery so important? Chemistry -...
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Solutions
Why and how do substances dissolve? Discover what happens when you create a solution. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. A solution is the mixture formed when a solid dissolves in a liquid. A solvent is a liquid that can...
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The Race for Absolute Zero: Laser Cooling
Lasers are usually associated with heat. But scientists have instead used them to reach the coldest temperature ever recorded. Could they reach absolute zero? Physics - Energy And Radioactivity - Learning Points. Absolute zero is...
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Fractional Distillation - Crude Oil Separation
Learn how the industrial process of fractional distillation transforms crude oil into a variety of products, from plane fuel to road surfacing. Chemistry - Chemical Industries - Learning Points. Extraction of crude oil from Fractional...
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Solids, Liquids and Gases
What is the difference between solids, liquids and gases? How does each state behave? Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. The kinetic theory of matter states that particles are in constant motion and there are forces of...
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Nobel and Dynamite
The story of Alfred Nobel's life work and legacy, and his little known role in the discovery of dynamite. Chemistry - Reactions - Learning Points. Alfred Nobel invented dynamite in 1867. Alfred Nobel also founded the Nobel Peace Prize,...
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Acids and Alkalis: Part 1
The properties of strong acids and alkalis can be extremely harmful. Where do we find them, and how can we tell how acidic or alkaline a substance is? Chemistry - Reactions - Learning Points. Bases neutralise acids, and if a base...
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Place Like Home: Inside a Probe
Learn how scientists overcame huge challenges to land a probe on Saturn's moon, and why Titan is of special interest to life on Earth. Physics - Universe - Learning Points. The Cassini-Huygens probe took seven years to travel over 1...
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Water Forces
The unique force created by hydrogen bonding gives water some unique properties, which seem to defy the laws of nature. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Hydrogen bonding is a special force of attraction between water...
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How to Make Fake Snow
Snow forms in the atmosphere as a result of water molecules attaching themselves to nuclei bacteria. But scientists have found ways to manipulate the freezing process of water and the production of these nuclei to create snow...