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Melting
Melting is when a solid turns into a liquid. The world around us - Exploring materials - Freezing and melting Learning Points Some places on Earth, such as the Arctic, are so cold that seawater freezes during the cold winter months. When...
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Ice festival
Water can exist as solid ice and liquid water. The world around us - Exploring materials - Freezing and melting Learning Points If liquid water cools to below 0°C, it will freeze into solid ice. If solid ice warms to above 0°C, it will...
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Liquids – Did you know?
Did you know that mercury has a low melting point and is the only metal which is liquid at room temperature? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Liquids Learning Points Mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at room...
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Changing properties
What chemical and physical changes are at play in cake baking. Material processes - Changing materials - More chemical reactions Learning Points Chemical changes are usually irreversible. Physical changes are usually reversible. Chemical...
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The wonder of water
We use water every day ... but what do you really know about it? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Characteristics of water Learning Points Water is the only substance on Earth that occurs naturally in all three states....
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Condensation and freezing
Why do water drops form on cold windows and why does water freeze? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Changes of state Learning Points Condensation is the change of state from gas to liquid. Freezing is the change of state...
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Volcanic eruptions
Erupting volcanoes are a captivating example of materials changing state. Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Changes of state Learning Points Molten rock underground is called magma. Molten rock on the surface of the Earth...
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Advanced separation
Find out how advanced separation processes are used to separate substances in complex mixtures. Material processes - Separating mixtures - Other means of separation Learning Points Chromatography separates pigments in a liquid....
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Water cycle
Learn all about the Earth's water cycle. Physical processes -The Earth and beyond - Water and weather Learning Points Water constantly recycles itself through a process called the water cycle. Evaporation: the change of liquid water into...
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Very strange liquids
Not all liquids act the same ... some can behave very strangely indeed! Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Liquids Learning Points Liquids do not have a fixed shape. Non-Newtonian liquids change behaviour when a force is...
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Everyday liquids
What are the properties of a liquid? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Liquids Learning Points Liquids do not have a fixed shape. The speed at which a liquid flows is known as viscosity. Liquids have fixed volume. The...
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Heat energy
Discover that heat energy can turn a solid metal into liquid. Physical processes - Energy and energy transfer - Heat and temperature Learning Points Heat energy always travels from a hotter to a cooler area. Heat energy causes molecules...
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Liquefaction
A fascinating example of a solid behaving as a liquid. Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Solids Learning Points Liquefaction causes solid soil to take on some characteristics of liquids. A Twig Context Film. Reinforce and...
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Why is urine yellow?
Urine is a waste product produced by humans and animals. Why is it yellow? Life processes - Living processes - Excretion Learning Points Urine is produced by the kidneys and is excreted through the bladder. Urine is mostly water, excess...
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What is a gas?
What are the properties of a gas? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Gases Learning Points Gases do not have a fixed shape and so move to fill their container. The molecules in gases are widely spaced and move about...
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Snowflakes
How are snowflakes formed in such a dizzying array of patterns? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Characteristics of water Learning Points Liquid water freezes at 0°C. The shape of a snowflake is changed at different...
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How do sounds travel?
Find out that sound waves always need a medium to travel through. Physical processes - Sound - How does sound travel? Learning Points Sound waves are known as compression waves. Sound waves travel at different speeds depending on the...
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Separation by evaporation
Learn how to find out the difference between tap water and spring water. Material processes - Separating mixtures - Separation by evaporation Learning Points Evaporation can be used to separate a solution. A solution is formed when a...
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Changing state
Materials change state all the time, but how and why? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Changes of state Learning Points Melting is the change of state from solid to liquid. Evaporation is the change of state from liquid...
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Heat transfer
Investigate the ways in which heat can be transferred. Physical processes - Energy and energy transfer - Heat transfer Learning Points Conduction is the transfer of energy from one molecule to the next. Convection is the transfer of heat...
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Exploding mountains
Learn about the devastation caused when volcanic mountains erupt. People and places - Physical geography - Mountains Learning Points The solid rock found between the Earth's liquid core and the crust is called the mantle. In a volcanic...
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Matter and its Construction: States and Properties of Matter
By the end of this learning object, the student will be able to: Recognize the concept of matter. List the properties of matter. Compare among the three state of matters.4426
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Matter and its Construction: Molecule
By the end of this learning object, the student will be able to: Describe the properties of molecules.17353