Niels Bohr's model of the atom introduced the idea of quantised orbits for electrons. In these, electrons occupy stable energy levels and either give off or take in photons when they move between these levels. This model was able to...

De Broglie's equation, formulated by Louis de Broglie in 1924, introduces the concept of wave-particle duality, suggesting that all matter exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties. The equation is expressed as λ=h/p; λ is...

Bohr's model of the atom says that an electron's energy is set by its orbit around the nucleus. Bohr said that electrons have specific, quantised levels of energy, and that the size of the orbit affects the energy...

Bohr's atomic model postulates that the radius of an electron's orbit around the nucleus is determined by the concept that electrons travel in quantised orbits with distinct and well-defined radii. According to the model, the angular...

Ernest Rutherford's Nuclear Model of the Atom: A Transformative Journey
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Background and E
xperiment
• J.J. Thomson's Plum Pudding Model, a sphere of diffuse positive charge with negatively charged...

Ernest Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment: A Revolutionary Study

Background and Experiment D
esign
• Rutherford and his colleagues conducted an experiment to probe the structure of
the atom.
• The experiment...

Discovery of the Proton and Neutron

Backgro
und:
• J.J. Thomson's 1897 discovery of the electron led to the development of atomi
c models.
• Ernest Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment (1911) revealed the presence of...

Understanding Atoms in Chemistry and Physics

• Atoms are fundamental building blocks of ma
tter.
• Understanding atoms is crucial for chemistry and physics p
rinciples.
• The concept of atoms dates back to
ancient...

The Halley Armada, Giotto, Vega 1 and 2, Suisei and Sakigake, all visited Halley's Comet at roughly the same time in 1986. What did they discover? Why was this such a groundbreaking mission?

After giving an explanation of the Periodic Table, Dr. Boyd explains where he thinks the fictitious metal Vibranium would be located on the Periodic Table if it were a real element. What do you think…where should Vibranium go on the...

The year 2019 is celebrated as the International Year of the Periodic Table (#IYPT) in recognition of its discovery 150 years ago in 1869. Listen along as Dr. Boyd gives a detailed explanation of its arrangement and what all the letters...

Radioactivity is the property through which a heavier, unstable nucleus assumes a more stable state by emitting radiation. The process through which a nucleus turns into a stable one is called radioactive decay. But is radioactivity or...

It’s highly unlikely to shoot down a missile mid-air. But there's more to it than that! Causing a nuclear bomb to detonate requires a precise orchestration of events, without which the chain reaction does not initiate and the bomb...

Valence electrons are the electrons that are located in the outermost shell of an atom. In other words, these are the electrons that can be gained or lost during a chemical reaction. In order to determine the number of valence electrons...

The periodic table is arranged by atomic number, which is the number of protons in an element’s nucleus. The elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. The periodic table is also arranged by groups and periods. The...

The nucleus is one of the most important organelles found in eukaryotic cells. In this video, we will cover the definition, structure and functions of the cell nucleus.

An orbit around the nucleus of an atom that can be occupied by one or more electrons.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual...

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science...

A cell that has half the number of chromosomes as normal body cells, containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning...

A nuclear reaction in which two atomic nuclei fuse to form a larger one.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig...

A type of particle produced in some types of radioactive decay, being one of the most widespread forms of ionising radiation.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using...

The splitting of an atomic nucleus into lighter fragments.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science...

In an atom, the small, dense, positively charged structure at its centre, containing the protons and neutrons.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images...

The process by which cells can divide to produce two genetically identical cells.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual...