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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: Government Under the Articles of Confederation

9th - 10th
Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress could not raise taxes directly. Each state had one vote, regardless of population.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: Achievements Under the Articles of Confederation

9th - 10th
The Articles of Confederation had its weaknesses, but the government under the Articles also had significant achievements, primarily the passage of the Northwest Ordinance.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: Episode 177 Colonial Resistance Grows

9th - 10th
On today's episode, we discuss colonial resistance to British control.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics:the First National Government:the Aftermath of Shays' Rebellion

9th - 10th
Shays' Rebellion and the popular reaction to it gave Congress an extra incentive to reform the Articles of Confederation.
Audio
Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: Delegates to the Philadelphia Convention

9th - 10th
The delegates to the Philadelphia Convention did not represent all parts of American society of the time.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: The Philadelphia Convention Part 2: Washington and Madison

9th - 10th
Today we learn about two important Framers: George Washington and James Madison.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics:philadelphia Convention:benjamin Franklin and Gouverneur Morris

9th - 10th
Benjamin Franklin and Gouverneur Morris made important contributions to the Philadelphia Convention.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: Founders Who Did Not Attend the Philadelphia Convention

9th - 10th
Jefferson, Adams, Paine, Henry, and Hancock did not attend the Philadelphia Convention, but for different reasons.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: The Philadelphia Convention Part 5: Laying the Groundwork

9th - 10th
The Framers established rules for the Philadelphia Convention right away. One of them was secrecy.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: The Philadelphia Convention: James Madison's Virginia Plan

9th - 10th
Today on 60-Second Civics: James Madison's Virginia plan proposes a strong national government.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics:the Philadelphia Convention:representation in the Virginia Plan

9th - 10th
The Virginia Plan proposed proportional representation and a government with three branches.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics:the Philadelphia Convention: More Features of the Virginia Plan

9th - 10th
Some features of the Virginia Plan might strike you as being unusual. Find out on today's 60-Second Civics.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: Episode 178: No Taxation Without Representation

9th - 10th
Today we discuss colonial resistance to taxation without representation.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: Proportional Representation in the Virginia Plan

9th - 10th
What was the most controversial element of the Virginia Plan? Find out on today's podcast.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: The Debate Over Proportional Representation

9th - 10th
Proportional representation was the most controversial part of the Virginia Plan. Find out why on today's podcast.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: The Philadelphia Convention Part 11: The New Jersey Plan

9th - 10th
The New Jersey Plan called for a unicameral legislature with increased powers.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: The Philadelphia Convention: Defeat of the New Jersey Plan

9th - 10th
The New Jersey Plan was defeated at the Philadelphia Convention. This meant the Virginia Plan became the basis for discussion at the Philadelphia Convention.
Audio
Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: The Philadelphia Convention:equal Representation in the Senate

9th - 10th
Today on 60-Second Civics, a vote on equal representation in the Senate results in a deadlocked convention. But there was a way out.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: The Philadelphia Convention Part 14: The Great Compromise

9th - 10th
The Great Compromise finally broke the impasse at the Philadelphia Convention over representation in Congress.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: What Does Proportional Representation Mean?

9th - 10th
The Great Compromise was only the first step in settling the issue of proportional representation.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: The Northern Position on Proportional Representation

9th - 10th
Today we discuss the terms of the Three-Fifths Compromise.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: Episode 179: Colonists Organize Resistance

9th - 10th
On today's episode, we discuss British efforts to assert authority over the colonies.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: The Debate Over Representation in the Expanding Republic

9th - 10th
The delegates to the Philadelphia Convention recognized that the United States would expand, and planned accordingly.
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Center For Civic Education

60 Second Civics: The Corruption of Parliament by the Crown

9th - 10th
Since ancient times, philosophers have argued that governments must do three things: make, execute, and judge laws.