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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Rivalry I, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Students 9th - 10th
Eleven documents and two maps detailing the almost two hundred year struggle between England and Spain for hegemony in the Caribbean.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Rivalry Ii, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Students 9th - 10th
Two eighteenth-century maps and four accounts of the mutual perceptions, suspicions, and observations between Spanish and French explorers on the Gulf Coast.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Rivalry Iii, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Students 9th - 10th
Two maps of English and French rivalries in North America, and two side-by-side accounts of the English and French perspectives on King William's war over power, trade, and economic dominance of the continent.
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Article
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Indian Relations, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Students 9th - 10th
One modern historical assessment and several original accounts of the mistrust, negotiations, alliances, trading, and disease transmission between European colonizers and native peoples in North America.
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Article
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Indian Wars, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Students 9th - 10th
Five documents representing the full range of Indian-European antagonisms, struggles for power, and outright warfare among the Spanish, Pueblo, Wampanoag, English, and French in New Spain, New France, New Mexico, and New England.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Africans Ii, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Students 9th - 10th
Three illustrations and five documents about slave codes, master-slave power dynamics, and free blacks within French and Spanish settlements of the Caribbean.
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Graphic
Curated OER

Lemoyve Athore

For Students 9th - 10th
Thirty one primary sources-historical documents, literary texts, and visual images-that explore European reactions to the land and the people of the New World and the Natives' responses to European contact and conquest.
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Graphic
Curated OER

Illus., Alexander Barclay, the Ship of Fools, 1509, Poem

For Students 9th - 10th
Five literary responses to exploration and discovery-poems, fictional accounts, a play, and journal entries-that reflect European desire, frustration, and enchantment with the New World.
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Graphic
Curated OER

Depicting the New World

For Students 9th - 10th
A variety of paintings and drawings that display European images of their first encounters with the land, plants, animals, and native peoples of the western hemisphere.
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Graphic
Curated OER

An Aleut in His Baidarka, Ca. 1744

For Students 9th - 10th
Two excerpts from the explorations of the Pacific coast by Sir Francis Drake and Vitus Bering as well as maps drawn to reflect those journeys.
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Graphic
Curated OER

Giacomo Gastaldi, La Nuova Francia

For Students 9th - 10th
Thirty two primary sources-historical documents, literary texts, and visual images-that explore the expectations and the realities of European exploration of the New World.
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Graphic
Curated OER

Harriot, a Briefe and True Report, 1590

For Students 9th - 10th
Two European maps of Florida and Roanoke, and a British and a French account-with associated engravings of these settlements-that promote a European interpretation of and claim over these areas.
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Graphic
Curated OER

Fort Caroline, 1564

For Students 9th - 10th
Three European accounts of the disappointments, challenges, and outright failures to establish early successful colonial outposts in North America.
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Graphic
Curated OER

Slideshow

For Students 9th - 10th
Thirty primary sources-historical documents, literary texts, and visual images-that explore motivations, visions, patterns, goals, challenges, and relationships with indigenous peoples offered by Europeans in their settlement of the New...
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Graphic
Curated OER

Facial Reconstruction of Skull Excavated in Jamestown

For Students 9th - 10th
Three English, a French, and a Spanish primary account of the staggering losses, misery, and deprivation that characterized early European settlement as well as the resilience needed to overcome those challenges.
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Graphic
Curated OER

The New and Unknown World, 1671

For Students 9th - 10th
An online exhibition of images of European settlement to accompany two English, a French, and a Dutch set of promotional accounts that offer advice, encouragement, and occasional warning to prospective immigrants to newly settled areas...
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Graphic
Curated OER

Coat of Arms, Lord Baltimore

For Students 9th - 10th
Three maps of European settlement in Virginia, the Pacific Northwest, and the Spanish New World, and the accompanying official instructions from lenders and monarchs about the obligations, opportunities, and hopes that those...
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Graphic
Curated OER

Slideshow

For Students 9th - 10th
Fifty seven primary sources-historical documents, literary texts, and visual images-and one secondary historical account that explore imperial conflict, European economic rivalry, and the impact of colonial rule on native peoples.
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Graphic
Curated OER

Gutierrez, Map of the Western Hemisphere, 1562, Detail

For Students 9th - 10th
Eleven documents and two maps detailing the almost two hundred year struggle between England and Spain for hegemony in the Caribbean.
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Graphic
Curated OER

Slideshow

For Students 9th - 10th
Three documents reflecting official views of how to rule and regulate a successful colony in New France, Jamaica, and the Spanish Indies.