Paul Andersen describes the four major biological molecules found in living things. He begins with a brief discussion of polymerization. Dehydration synthesis is used to connect monomers into polymers and hydrolysis breaks them down...

It’s time for molecular analysis! On this episode of Crash Course Organic Chemistry, we’re learning about mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy through the lens of a forensic investigation. Put on your lab coats, and let’s solve...

Oxidation-reduction reactions are going on around us, and inside us, all the time, and we can make redox reactions in organic chemistry easier to understand by tracking carbon-oxygen bonds. In this episode of Crash Course Organic...

Like a trendy dance, a fighting combo, or a secret handshake, organic reactions can be broken down into simpler steps. In this episode of Crash Course Organic Chemistry, we’ll specifically be looking at alkene addition reactions, and...

The organic molecules that make up life on Earth are more than just the 2-D structures we’ve been drawing so far. Molecules have 3-D shapes that help us understand what they can do. In this episode of Crash Course Organic Chemistry,...

Mr. Andersen shows you how to draw Lewis Dot Diagrams for atoms and simple molecules.

Did you know that Polymers save the lives of Elephants? Well, now you do! The world of Polymers is so amazingly integrated into our daily lives that we sometimes forget how amazing they are. Here, Hank talks about how they were developed...

New ReviewIn this video we will show you how to name alkenes, the organic molecules that contain carbons that are all single bonded to each other! This video is helpful for organic chemistry students at all levels including college and IB chemistry!

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) carries the genetic instructions for an organism's growth, development, and reproduction, encoded by sequences of four nitrogen bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). These bases form...

Hybridization Process: Carbon atoms undergo sp² hybridization, mixing one 2s and two 2p orbitals to form three sp² hybrid orbitals arranged in a trigonal planar geometry (120° bond angles). Bond Formation: Two sp² orbitals form sigma (σ)...

In this topic, we explore how to draw and interpret the Lewis structures of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), two important molecules in chemistry. CO₂ features a linear structure with double bonds between carbon and...

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. These structures are crucial in understanding how atoms share or transfer electrons to form stable...

Bond Angle Distortion: Lone pairs reduce bond angles between bonding pairs. For example, in a molecule like NH₃ (ammonia), the ideal tetrahedral angle of 109.5° is compressed to around 107° due to the presence of a lone pair on nitrogen....

The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory predicts molecular shapes by focusing on the repulsion between electron pairs surrounding a central atom. The main postulates include: Electron Pair Repulsion: Electron pairs...

Double and triple bonds involve the sharing of two or three pairs of electrons, providing additional stability and influencing molecular properties like rigidity and reactivity

A reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig...

Struggling with VSEPR theory and molecular geometry? This video simplifies the concepts you need to master these essential chemistry topics. Learn how to draw Lewis structures with the correct geometry, understand bond angles, and...

Functional isomerism occurs when compounds with the same molecular formula have different functional groups. For instance, ethanol (an alcohol) and dimethyl ether (an ether) share the formula 𝐶2𝐻6𝑂C2H6O but differ in their functional...

When writing resonance structures, it's essential to follow certain rules: only electrons move, not atoms; all structures must have valid bonding; and charges should be minimized. These guidelines ensure resonance structures accurately...

In this video you'll learn:<br/>
- Two methods <br/>of cracking
- How to write a balanced<br/> equation for cracking
- What an alkene is, a<br/>nd how they diff<br/>er from an alkane
- The test for alkenes
- The properties of alkenes

This video covers:

- The idea that the carbon-carbon double bond can break, which allows the carbons to bond to new a
toms
- How alkenes react with hydrogen to fo
rm alkanes
- How alkenes react with water to
form...

This video covers:

- How the carbon carbon double bond allows alkenes to form addition poly
mers
- How to write reactions for polym
erisation
- How to draw the monomers, polymers an
d repeat units
- The...

In this video you'll learn:<br/>
- What hydro<br/>carbons are<<br/>br/>- What alkanes are
<br/>- The general formula for alkanes
- An example of using that general formula to work out the molecular formula of 'octane'

Do you know what Trans fatty acids are? Recent studies have shown a correlation between high levels of Trans fatty acids and depression. In this video, I talk about what Trans fatty acids are, how they can affect your mood,...