A molecule is nearly all empty space, apart from the extremely dense nuclei of its atoms and the clouds of electrons that bond them together. When that molecule forms, it arranges itself to maximize attraction of opposite charges and...

Layered Perfection: 3D Closed Packing from Hexagonal Layers"

The process of obtaining three-dimensional (3D) close packing from hexagonal layers involves stacking two-dimensional hexagonal layers one above the other in a specific...

Dr. Boyd discusses the chemistry behind "Dr. Poison's" new chemical weapon in the new Wonder Woman movie.

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. These structures are crucial in understanding how atoms share or transfer electrons to form stable...

Bond Angle Distortion: Lone pairs reduce bond angles between bonding pairs. For example, in a molecule like NH₃ (ammonia), the ideal tetrahedral angle of 109.5° is compressed to around 107° due to the presence of a lone pair on nitrogen....

The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory predicts molecular shapes by focusing on the repulsion between electron pairs surrounding a central atom. The main postulates include: Electron Pair Repulsion: Electron pairs...

VSEPR postulates state that the geometry of a molecule depends on the number and arrangement of bonding and lone electron pairs around the central atom

Molecules like PF5, SF₆ defy the octet rule, with expanded valence shells or unpaired electrons, arising from the availability of d-orbitals or radical stability

BeCl₂ and BF₃ exhibit linear and trigonal planar geometries, respectively, as predicted by the VSEPR theory, minimizing electron pair repulsion

Never draw a Lewis Structure wrong again! In this video, we’ll show you 4 simple steps to master the art of drawing Lewis Structures—an essential skill in chemistry that helps explain molecular behavior and the...

Struggling with VSEPR theory and molecular geometry? This video simplifies the concepts you need to master these essential chemistry topics. Learn how to draw Lewis structures with the correct geometry, understand bond angles, and...

Electrophiles are electron-poor species, often possessing a positive charge or an empty orbital, making them highly reactive in seeking electron pairs from nucleophiles. Common examples include positively charged ions like

𝐻+H + ...

In this video, we will determine the Lewis structure for a given compound.<br/>

We've learned about VSEPR theory, and we know how to use it to predict molecular geometry for a variety of organic molecules. But in fact, there are situations where predictions made with VSEPR theory do not line up with experimental...

Here, we will see how two forms of arsenic, arsenate and arsenote, disrupt energy metabolism via glycolysis and the TCA cycle, respectively.

It describes electronic configuration of the elements of group 14, their physical, chemical properties and their uses.

What's with all these shapes? Let's practice assigning hybridization, electron-domain geometry, and molecular geometry. Octahedral! Tetrahedral! Linear! Pyramids and see-saws and what not! Chemistry is fun, isn't it?

Practice REAL problems from actual past IIT/JEE exams with Professor Dave!

Organic Chemistry Practice Exam 12

We have been learning a lot about a wide variety of compounds, but we haven't really looked much at the transition metals. These also form compounds called coordination compounds, and the types of bonds involved in these compounds is...

In this video, we will determine the Lewis structure for the compound, CHCl3 (chloroform).<br/>

Did you know that geometry was invented by molecules? It's true! Until the first stars went supernova and littered all the elements across the cosmos, everything was simply spheres, from protons to stars. But then, under cooler planetary...