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Carbon Trading
International governments have put caps in place to limit carbon dioxide emissions from industry. What are emissions caps and will they solve the problem? Human Geography - A Changing World - Learning Points. The percentage of carbon...
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Carbohydrate
Molecules such as sugar and starch, which form an important energy source for living organisms. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig...
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Natural and synthetic
Find out the difference between natural and synthetic materials, and how they are used. Material processes - Classifying materials - Natural and artificial materials Learning Points Natural materials can come directly from the Earth or...
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The Carbon Family - Reducing Emissions
Meet the Carbon family and discover why reducing our carbon emissions will help stop global warming. People and places -Future of energy - The future of energy Learning Points Making small changes at home can reduce carbon emissions. We...
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Fireworks
Fireworks are a feast for the senses, but what creates those amazing colours? Material processes - Changing materials - Burning Learning Points Burning requires oxygen, a fuel source and an ignition source. Burning is a chemical...
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Learn How To Draw Lewis Structures Easily: 4 Simple Steps For Perfect Chemistry Diagrams Every Time
Never draw a Lewis Structure wrong again! In this video, we’ll show you 4 simple steps to master the art of drawing Lewis Structures—an essential skill in chemistry that helps explain molecular behavior and the chemical and physical...
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Polar And Nonpolar Covalent Bonds: Easy Explanation With Examples - Chemistry Basics
Are you struggling to understand the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds? This video explains these important chemistry concepts with simple explanations and clear examples. Learn how electronegativity affects bond...
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VSEPR Theory: Learn Molecular Geometry Fast - Chemistry Study Guide
Struggling with VSEPR theory and molecular geometry? This video simplifies the concepts you need to master these essential chemistry topics. Learn how to draw Lewis structures with the correct geometry, understand bond angles, and...
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Newman Projections of Cycloalkanes: See Molecules in 3D!
Newman projections are a powerful tool for visualizing the three-dimensional conformations of cycloalkanes. By looking down the axis of a particular bond, this projection allows chemists to depict the spatial arrangement of atoms and...
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Biphenyls & Optical Isomerism: When Planes Matter
Biphenyls are compounds consisting of two benzene rings connected by a single bond. In certain biphenyls, bulky substituents on the ortho positions of the rings can prevent free rotation around the bond, locking the rings in different...
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Stereoisomerism: Unlocking the Secrets of Molecular Twins
Stereoisomerism refers to isomers that have the same molecular formula and connectivity but differ in the three-dimensional arrangement of their atoms. This type of isomerism includes both geometrical isomers and optical isomers....
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Functional Isomerism & Metamerism: Discovering Molecular Twins
Functional isomerism occurs when compounds with the same molecular formula have different functional groups. For instance, ethanol (an alcohol) and dimethyl ether (an ether) share the formula 𝐶2𝐻6𝑂C2H6O but differ in their functional...
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Conformational Isomerism: Rotations that Change Everything
Conformational isomerism arises due to the rotation around single bonds (sigma bonds) within a molecule. Unlike other types of isomerism, conformational isomers, or conformers, can interconvert without breaking bonds. For example, in...
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Chain & Positional Isomerism: Same Formula, Different Shape!
Chain and positional isomerism are types of structural isomerism in organic chemistry, where compounds have the same molecular formula but different structures. In chain isomerism, the carbon backbone differs in branching; for example,...
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Rules for Writing Resonating Structures: Get Them Right!
When writing resonance structures, it's essential to follow certain rules: only electrons move, not atoms; all structures must have valid bonding; and charges should be minimized. These guidelines ensure resonance structures accurately...
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Resonance in Action: Bond Length, Acidity & More!
Resonance has far-reaching effects on molecular properties. It can equalize bond lengths, making double bonds longer and single bonds shorter than expected. It also stabilizes charged species, influencing acidity and basicity. For...
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Pi-n Conjugation: Unlocking the Secrets of Molecular Stability
Pi-n conjugation occurs when a lone pair of electrons (n) interacts with a pi system, enhancing electron delocalization. This conjugation stabilizes the molecule, as the lone pair contributes to the overall resonance. Pi-n conjugation...
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Inductive Effect Consequences: How Molecules React!
The inductive effect can drastically alter how molecules behave in reactions. Electron-withdrawing groups can increase a molecule’s electrophilicity, making it more likely to accept electrons in a reaction. Conversely, electron-donating...
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Electron Push and Pull: Inductive Effects Explained
The inductive effect is all about how atoms in a molecule affect electron distribution. Electron-withdrawing groups, like halogens, pull electrons through sigma bonds, reducing electron density in adjacent atoms. Conversely,...
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Inductive Effect: The Hidden Forces in Molecules
The inductive effect refers to the electron-donating or withdrawing influence that substituents exert on a molecule through sigma bonds. Electronegative atoms or groups pull electron density away from the rest of the molecule, while...
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Bond Fission Explained: Homolytic vs. Heterolytic Splits
Bond fission, the process of breaking chemical bonds, can occur in two ways: homolytic and heterolytic. In homolytic fission, the bond breaks evenly, with each atom receiving one electron, resulting in the formation of free radicals. In...
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Graduation of elements properties in the modern periodic table
By the end of this learning object, the student will be able to: Estimate the reaction of non-metals with oxygen.14978
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Global Impact of Deforestation | War on nature
This video discusses the global issue of deforestation, highlighting alarming statistics such as the loss of over 300 trees by the end of the video and deforestation happening at the rate of half a football pitch every second. The video...
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Rainforests: a Call for Conservation
The world's rainforests are crucial for the planet's ecosystem, recycling a significant amount of oxygen and releasing water vapor into the atmosphere. They are home to a vast array of plant and animal species, many of which remain...