Observation: when we pull our cell out of the electrolyte it still causes a deflection, which increases when pressure is applied. How could this lead to more efficient batteries? [0:40]

Simple device which we can use to measure our homemade batteries. You can test it with any household battery first. What does this deflection represent? What forces are involved? [0:50]

What's the difference between one piece of metal and three pieces of metal in our cell. Does deflection change? Why? [1:07]

In this video we install the AA batteries in Bit-zee's frame using zip ties. [2:16]

This demonstration shows an example of reduction-oxidation reaction. [1:04]

Watch as we test out a cell that holds the metals at a constant distance in this Khan video. We add it to salt water and then check the deflection. Can this be used as a standard unit? [1:08]

What happens to the deflection when we attach the penny and zinc in the opposite direction? Watch this video to find out. [1:22]

View an example of a basic circuit for lights. [0:32]

Does the distance between the copper and zinc electrodes matter? What happens to the deflection when we hold them close vs. far apart? Watch this visual demonstration to answer these questions. [1:05]

We attach our galvanometer to a piece of copper and zinc. Then we submerge the metals in pure water and vinegar. What is the difference? Watch this visual demonstration to answer this question. [1:22]

This visual demonstration shows an experiment with a strong acid as an electrolyte and observing the change in deflection compared to weak acid (vinegar). [0:43]

Watch as we experiment with hot vs. cold vinegar as our electrolyte. Does the deflection in our galvanometer depend on temperature? [1:36]

What's the difference between one piece of metal and three pieces of metal in our cell. Does deflection change? Watch this visual demonstration to answer these questions. [1:07]

Scientists say a modification to the design of lithium-ion batteries could allow batteries that can charge and discharge in a matter of seconds.

Video lecture explains zinc copper cell while providing an example of reduction-oxidation reaction. [1:05]