The Great Dying hit life hard, but the species that survived took over the planet and diversified into many interesting forms, including the dinosaurs!

Why can amphibians, fish and even some reptiles regenerate limbs, while birds and mammals can’t? Researchers think they might have found a clue on the tip of the alligator’s tail.

90 million years ago, an ancient snake known as Najash had...legs. It is by no means the only snake to have limbs either. But what's even stranger: we're not at all sure where it came from.

Wouldn’t it be cool to be able to point at a fossil and know that it’s the first, say, plant? Well... yeah! But it's not that easy! Scientists are always making new discoveries that throw all our old assumptions into...

Did humans evolve from monkeys or from fish? In this enlightening talk, ichthyologist and TED Fellow Prosanta Chakrabarty dispels some hardwired myths about evolution, encouraging us to remember that we're a small part of a complex,...

Hank introduces us to ourselves by taking us on a journey through the fascinatingly diverse phyla known as chordata. And the next time someone asks you who you are, you can give them the facts: you're a mammalian amniotic tetrapodal...

Population ecology is the study of groups within a species that interact mostly with each other, and it examines how they live together in one geographic area to understand why these populations are different in one time and place than...

Paul Andersen briefly surveys members of the Domain Animalia. He begins with brief description of the phylogeny of animals. He then describes the characteristics of all animals, heterotrophy, multicellularity, motility and blastula. ...

Paul Andersen shows how homeostasis reflects of evolution through time. The endocrine system shows continuity through flatworms, earthworms and vertebrates. However the respiratory system shows change as organisms move onto land. The...

Many people presume that all members of Chordata have a backbone, but that actually is not true. Vertebrates have backbones, meaning members of subphylum Vertebrata. There are two other subphyla within Chordata, those being...

Continuing with the invertebrate chordates, we arrive at subphylum Tunicata, also known as the tunicates. There are over 3,000 species within this clade, and the creatures are fascinating. The body of a tunicate is enclosed in a thick...

It took a very long time, but we are finally finished with the clade Protostomia, or first mouths. Now it's time to tackle Deuterostomia, or second mouths, a clade containing only three phyla. This will take some time, since one of those...

Discover the Acorn Worm, a primitive creature linking vertebrates and invertebrates, and its profound impact on our evolutionary history.

A bitter, dark green to yellow liquid produced by the liver, and stored in the gall bladder.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise...

The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food in the body into simpler chemicals that can be absorbed and used in its metabolism.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds...

Animals that at least at some stage in their development possess a stiff, rod-like structure running along their back, called a notochord.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60...

Visit the shallow spawning grounds of the colour-changing reef squid. Biology - Animal Kingdom - Learning Points. The southern reef squid is one of around 800 species of cephalopod. Cephalopods are the most intelligent of all...

What is it about the way mammals are born, and reared, that makes them unique in the animal kingdom? Learn the major characteristics that make a mammal, a mammal. Biology - Animal Kingdom - Learning Points. Mammals are warm-blooded...

Over millions of years, fish species evolved to leave water and survive on land, producing the characteristics shared by all amphibians. Biology - Animal Kingdom - Learning Points. The coelacanth is a lobe-finned fish that evolved 400...

They walked on two legs, laid their eggs in nests, and some even glided through the air – find out more about the theropod dinosaurs, from which all birds evolved. Biology - Animal Kingdom - Learning Points. A Twig Curriculum Film....

What is it? ... It's a koala bear!
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Life processes - Variation and classification


- Vertebrates


A Twig Tidbit Film - Jigsaw. An image is slowly revealed as pieces of the jigsaw are removed. The...

There are millions of animals in the world. They are all either vertebrates with a backbone, or invertebrates without a backbone.
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Living things - Animal kingdom - Gr
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uping animals />

Learning...

True or false ... Starfish, vultures and humans belong to the same kingdom?
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Life processes - Variation and classification - Classifying


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Learning Points
Visually different...

Find out how marsupials rear their young.
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Life processes - Variation and classification


- Vertebrates />

Learning Points
Mars
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pials rear their young in a pouch.


A Twig Tidbit...