We demonstrate denaturing by adding the enzyme trypsin to photographic film. Strips of photographic film are added to trypsin solution at different temperatures to determine the optimum conditions for the enzyme. In the right conditions...

We compare two cans, one painted black and the other painted white, to see how quickly they lose heat. The containers are placed in front of a heat source and heated to the same temperature. The temperature in each container is recorded...

We lower a helium-filled balloon into liquid nitrogen to see how the change in temperature affects its volume. When it hits the cool liquid nitrogen, the gas inside contracts and the volume of the balloon decreases. When it is removed...

We create a rapidly expanding column of foam by mixing chemicals. Hydrogen peroxide and detergent are added to potassium iodide and food colouring to set off a reaction that creates vibrant expanding foam. Chemistry - Reactions -...

We release carbon dioxide from a fire extinguisher against a dark cloth to see what happens. The expanding gas cools as it leaves the extinguisher, forming a visible dry ice solid on the cloth. As it warms, the carbon dioxide vanishes...

How the four sensory receptors in our skin, which detect heat, cold, pain and pressure, help us to feel an object, and can even help us tell if we like something or not. Biology - Being Human - Learning Points. The skin contains millions...

Discover that altering the number of successful collisions between particles is key to changing the rate of chemical reactions. How this can be manipulated? Chemistry - ReactionsLearning Points. New substances are made when particles...

For centuries, humans have been extracting metals from molten ores. Today, the basic technique remains the same, but how does extraction work? Chemistry - Reactions - Learning Points. Metals can be extracted from rocks if they are heated...

A look at the ancient preserved bodies that forensic scientists can examine in order to gain a better understanding of our ancient past. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Forensic scientists can help us understand our...

Discover some geo-engineering techniques that scientists are developing to manipulate Earth's climate. What are they and how would they work? Earth Science - Human Impacts - Learning Points. Geo-engineering strives to use technology to...

Ice cores taken from deep within the Earth's polar regions hold a hidden secret: the historical record of the Earth's climate. Earth Science - Human Impacts - Learning Points. Evidence of natural climate changes can be found in...

The heat at the centre of our planet could fulfil all of our energy needs. Find out how some are already utilising geothermal power. Earth Science - Earth's Resources - Learning Points. Geothermal power is obtained from heat within the...

Introducing the liquids whose behaviours seem to defy the accepted states of matter. What are they and why don't they behave as we predict? Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Newtonian liquids take the shape of their...

A blizzard creates a blanket of snow. Look closer and the true beauty of individual snowflakes can be seen. How are different shapes of snowflakes formed and why are they always perfectly symmetrical? Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding -...

In close-up, moving water can be seen to hold a hidden danger that can destroy metal and stun animals. How can tiny bubbles create enough heat to cause such damage? Physics - Energy And Radioactivity - Learning Points. Cavitation is the...

Scientists have found microbes frozen deep in the Antarctic ice sheets, in conditions very similar to the red planet's surface. Could life exist on Mars, in suspended animation? Physics - Universe - Learning Points. In 2001, a frozen...

Find out why this unassuming bird is one of nature's master architects. Biology - Animal Kingdom - Learning Points. Malleefowl are large birds native to Australia. Malleefowl live a solitary existence for most of the year, but they mate...

How climatologists use ice cores, cylindrical cones of ice drilled from glaciers, to reveal Earth's historical cycles of climate change. Earth Science - Human Impacts - Learning Points. The Earth has natural, long cycles of climate. The...

The same water has been on Earth for four and a half billion years. Where did this water come from? Earth Science - Weather - Learning Points. 4.5 billion years ago, the Earth's surface was too hot for water to exist. Inside the Earth's...

A delicate balancing act between the Sun and Earth makes ours the only known life-bearing planet in our Solar System. Physics - Our Solar System - Learning Points. Earth is the only planet with liquid water. If a planet is too close to...

Salt is routinely used to melt snow and ice on winter roads. But what is happening at the molecular level to cause this helpful change of state? Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. When salt is added to water it lowers the...

The first attempts to land a probe on a different planet. Scientists hoped an Earth-like world might lie beneath Venus' dense atmosphere, but a very different reality awaited. Physics - Our Solar System - Learning Points. Venus was...

Discover the remarkable characteristics that make this odd-looking reptile well adapted for life in the desert. Biology - Animal Kingdom - Learning Points. The thorny devil is a small lizard native to Australia. The thorny devil can suck...

The lower and most dense part of the atmosphere, extending to an altitude of about 20km at the equator and 11km at the poles. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise...