Energy comes in many forms. What are they, how do they differ and what can they be used for? Physics - Energy And Radioactivity - Learning Points. Energy is converted or transferred, but never lost. Energy is measured in joules (j)....

Lasers are usually associated with heat. But scientists have instead used them to reach the coldest temperature ever recorded. Could they reach absolute zero? Physics - Energy And Radioactivity - Learning Points. Absolute zero is...

What are stars made of? How are they born, how do they live, and how do they die? Physics - Our Solar System - Learning Points. Our nearest star is the Sun. A star is formed from a cloud of dust and gas, which shrinks under gravity and...

The weather systems on our planet are all driven by one thing: air. Discover how our weather is driven by energy from the Sun, affecting the movement of air. Earth Science - Weather - Learning Points. Our weather is a chaotic and complex...

How do the clouds closest to the Earth affect our weather? How are they formed and what do they look like? Earth Science - Weather - Learning Points. Temperature, humidity and air pressure produce ten different types of cloud. Those at...

Learn how scientists overcame huge challenges to land a probe on Saturn's moon, and why Titan is of special interest to life on Earth. Physics - Universe - Learning Points. The Cassini-Huygens probe took seven years to travel over 1...

Snow forms in the atmosphere as a result of water molecules attaching themselves to nuclei bacteria. But scientists have found ways to manipulate the freezing process of water and the production of these nuclei to create snow...

We know that Mars once had a landscape with oceans and rivers, but what happened to it? Physics - Universe - Learning Points. Although Mars is a freezing dry world today, it is thought the planet was once like Earth. If liquid water once...

The worst avalanche in 40 years destroyed countless buildings and killed many people in this Austrian village, but it was factors 4,000 kilometres away that caused this disaster. Earth Science - Weather - Learning Points. Galtur is a...

Discovered in 1985, Buckminsterfullerene has some fascinating characteristics. What is it and how is it shaping the future of chemistry? Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. In the 1980s, a new carbon allotraope was found -...

The discovery and uses of reactive metals throughout history, and how their uses have defined the period in which they were discovered. Chemistry - Periodic Table - Learning Points. The reactivity series ranks the chemical reactivity of...

Sound waves move through different mediums at different speeds, but why is this? What factors affect the speed of sound? Physics - Waves - Learning Points. Speed of sound depends on many different factors. Temperature, elasticity and...

Discover how elements are formed in the centre of stars, and how some elements are formed in even more spectacular conditions. Chemistry - Periodic Table - Learning Points. Most elements were created in space. At the beginning of the...

Predicting the future of Earth's climate is a daunting task. How are complex climate models calculated, taking chaos theory into account? Earth Science - Human Impacts - Learning Points. Climate models use data to calculate the...

Earth has always had changeable weather, but now the world's climate is getting warmer. What is global warming, why is it a problem and how can we stop it? Earth Science - Human Impacts - Learning Points. Most scientists agree that human...

Discover the damage caused by shockwaves and how they are created by supersonic speeds. Physics - Waves - Learning Points. Waves of high pressure are produced when something moves through a medium at supersonic speed. At supersonic...

We investigate the amount of energy stored in maize snacks and peanuts by burning them. The food is placed under an aluminium beaker of water before being set alight and the temperature change of the water is recorded. We can compare the...

We examine the effects of different temperatures and chemicals on the heart rate of Daphnia. A microscope is used to let us see the Daphnia\u2019s heart and establish the heart rate under normal conditions. The heart...

We use a metal box holding rods of different materials to test their ability to conduct heat. The box is filled with boiling water and a paperclip is attached to the end of each rod using petroleum jelly. As the heat moves through the...

We compare melting points of lead and tin to the melting point of their alloy, solder. By timing how long it takes samples of each to melt, we discover that the melting point of solder is actually lower than those of both lead and tin....

We make slime using borax, water and food colouring. The slime is a non-Newtonian liquid. A non-Newtonian liquid can behave like a liquid or a solid depending on the pressure applied to it. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning...

We use two cans, one painted black and the other painted white, to investigate heat absorption. The containers are placed in front of a heat source and the temperature change is recorded. This shows that the black container absorbs heat...

We look at how different materials change when they are exposed to liquid nitrogen. Flowers become frozen and stiff and the petals snap. A banana hardens and is strong enough to be used as a hammer and a squash ball becomes very brittle...

We demonstrate an endothermic reaction by mixing hydrated barium hydroxide with ammonium thiocyanate. When these two solids react they take heat from the surrounding air. Chemistry - Reactions - Learning Points. Breaking bonds takes in...