During the 14th and 15th centuries, mercenaries known as condottieri dominated Italian warfare, profiting from— and encouraging— the region's intense political rivalries. As rulers competed for power and prestige, their disputes often...

In the 7th century CE, the prophet Muhammad united the people of the Arabian Peninsula through the formation of Islam. Over the next 30 years, caliphs conquered vast areas beyond Arabia, including their mighty neighbors the Persians and...

Most people recognize his name and know that he is famous for having said something, but considering the long-lasting impact his teachings have had on the world, very few people know who Confucius really was, what he really said and why....

In the late 13th century, Osman I established a small principality sandwiched between a crumbling Byzantine Empire and a weakened Sultanate of the Seljuk of Rum, in what is now Turkey. In just a few generations, this territory had...

A white, puffy dress. Eternal love. A joint tax return. Marriage means something different to everyone and has changed over time and across cultures. Alex Gendler traces the history of getting hitched, providing insights on polygamy,...

On a small island in the Irish Sea, fortresses preside over the rugged shores. This unlikely location was the birthplace of a medieval empire that lasted 200 years. Rulers built coastal fortresses on cliffs, roved the seaways, and threw...

What if the commonly accepted narratives about the foundation of civilization are all wrong? Drawing on groundbreaking research, archaeologist David Wengrow challenges traditional thinking about the social evolution of humanity -- from...

Today, nearly 30% of all global ship traffic passes through the Suez Canal, totaling over 20,000 ships in 2021. The site of the canal had been of interest to rulers as far back as the second millennium BCE, but plans to construct a...

Stretched across a tree-peppered expanse in Southern Africa lies the ruins of Great Zimbabwe, a medieval stone city of astounding wealth. Located in the present-day country of Zimbabwe, it's the site of the second largest settlement...

2,300 years ago, the rulers of Alexandria set out to fulfill a very audacious goal: to collect all the knowledge in the world under one roof. In its prime, the Library of Alexandria housed an unprecedented number of scrolls and attracted...

Last time we learned about the Enlightenment, and the philosophers and thinkers whose ideas would shape governance for hundred of years. This week, we're learning how monarchs across Europe were influenced by those ideas. Adoption of...

In which John Green teaches you about Margaret Atwood's speculative fiction novel, The Handmaid's Tale. John looks at some of the themes in this classic dystopian novel, many of which are kind of a downer. The world of Gilead that Atwood...

It was the western hemisphere's largest empire ever, with a population of nearly 10 million subjects. Yet within 100 years of its rise in the fifteenth century, the Inca Empire would be no more. What happened? Gordon McEwan details the...

The Mughal Empire ruled much of South Asia from the 1500s to the 1700s, blending Persian, Indian, and Islamic cultures into a powerful and artistic dynasty. Known for leaders like Akbar the Great and Shah Jahan, the Mughals built...

This video is a comprehensive tutorial on using Microsoft PowerPoint, a program that allows users to create presentations for various purposes. The video covers topics such as navigating the interface, utilizing the ribbon with its tabs...

As the Maya civilization neared its collapse, warfare became more intense and brutal in some regions, with some cities being destroyed and elites massacred. Evidence from sites like Kiuic and Aguateca shows that violence overwhelmed...

Pharaohs were the kings and queens of ancient Egypt—and they ruled like gods! In this episode, we’ll learn what life was like for a pharaoh, from wearing crowns to leading armies. Some pharaohs, like Ramses the Great, built huge temples...

Discover the incredible story of Mehmed the Conqueror, the powerful Ottoman sultan who changed history. Best known for capturing Constantinople in 1453, he brought an end to the Byzantine Empire and helped shape the Islamic and European...

Mayan Rulers Family Tree | City of Palenque

Ptolemaic Dynasty Family Tree

Welcome to Introduction to Engineering. This is your first video tutorial! Today, we are talking about measurement. We'll need to know some of this stuff for our first project. Get your ruler ready!

Fun Kids English presents "School Is Fun!", an English learning story for kids. A great English story for children to learn school supplies and school supplies names in English. Young learners will love this educational story in English...

Sultana Raziya of Delhi - The Woman who ruled the Mamluk Sultanate

This video provides a detailed account of the rise and fall of the Vijayanagara Empire in South India during the 16th century, focusing on the cunning strategies and ultimate downfall of the empire's ruler, Ramaraya. Through a series of...