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Elephant's Toothpaste
We create a rapidly expanding column of foam by mixing chemicals. Hydrogen peroxide and detergent are added to potassium iodide and food colouring to set off a reaction that creates vibrant expanding foam. Chemistry - Reactions -...
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Extraction of Aluminium
Explore the difficulties of extracting aluminium from its ore, and how the vast quantities of heat and electricity generated by electrolysis allow this to happen. Chemistry - ReactionsLearning Points. Aluminium is difficult to extract...
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Covalent Bonding
How non-metal elements combine by covalent bonds to form compounds. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Covalent bonds occur between non-metal atoms. The number of bonds depends on how many electrons are in the outer shell....
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Redox Reactions
For centuries, humans have been extracting metals from molten ores. Today, the basic technique remains the same, but how does extraction work? Chemistry - Reactions - Learning Points. Metals can be extracted from rocks if they are heated...
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Introduction to Chemical Bonding
The basic ways elements combine to create compounds, fundamental to life as we know it. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. There are 92 naturally occurring elements. They fall into two categories: metals and non-metals....
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Forensics: Bog Bodies
A look at the ancient preserved bodies that forensic scientists can examine in order to gain a better understanding of our ancient past. Chemistry - Atoms And Bonding - Learning Points. Forensic scientists can help us understand our...
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The Dark Side of Oxygen
We depend on oxygen for life. But in fact, oxygen is corrosive: ageing us, damaging cell DNA, and 'rusting' us from the inside. Biology - Human Body - Learning Points. Oxygen is vital in powering every cell and process in the human body....
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The Cell Membrane
Journey inside the cell to see how the cell membrane acts as both a barrier and an entrance. How does it take in nutrients while keeping out potentially damaging molecules? Biology - Cells And DNA - Learning Points. The cell membrane...
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Intuition
What is intuition and how does it work? A fireman explains how intuition saved his and his crews' lives. Biology - Being Human - Learning Points. The human brain has powers we aren't normally aware of. There is a part of our brain that...
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How the Oceans Formed
The same water has been on Earth for four and a half billion years. Where did this water come from? Earth Science - Weather - Learning Points. 4.5 billion years ago, the Earth's surface was too hot for water to exist. Inside the Earth's...
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Carbohydrate
Molecules such as sugar and starch, which form an important energy source for living organisms. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig...
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Hydroxide
Refers to the hydroxide ion, which is a negative ion consisting of an oxygen atom covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise...
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Combustion
Or burning, a chemical reaction that requires an initial source of heat, a fuel, and an oxidising agent such as oxygen, and releases energy as heat, and often light. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60...
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Characteristics of water – Did you know?
Did you know that each water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Characteristics of water Learning Points The chemical symbol for water is H2O. A Twig...
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Burning – Did you know?
Did you know that wax is the fuel that keeps a candle burning? Material processes - Changing materials - Burning A Twig Tidbit Film - Did you know? A fascinating fact is revealed.
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Chemical Reactions: Rust and the Process of Oxidation
Did you know that rust is a product of a chemical reaction called oxidation? Material processes - Changing materials - Chemical reactions Learning Points Rusting is also called oxidation. A Twig Tidbit Film - Did you know? A fascinating...
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The brain and the body – True or false
True or false ... The human brain uses up 20% of the body's oxygen supply? Life processes - Body systems - The brain and body Learning Points The brain uses 20% of the body's oxygen supply. A Twig Tidbit Film - True or False? The...
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Characteristics of air – Spot the...
Six gas molecules are shown on screen ... can you spot the molecules that make up air? Material processes - Solids, liquids and gases - Characteristics of air Learning Points Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and helium are molecules...
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Plant growth – Odd one out
Four processes are shown, but which is the odd one out and is not necessary for germination? Life processes - Green plants - Plant growth A Twig Tidbit Film - Odd one out. The children have to work out which of four images is the odd one...
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Burning – Odd one out
Four images associated with burning are shown onscreen, but which is the odd one out and is not needed to start a fire? Material processes - Changing materials - Burning Learning Points An exothermic reaction releases heat energy. A Twig...
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The world's highest hospital
Venture to the world’s highest hospital, at Mount Everest's Base Camp. People and places - Physical geography - Mountains Learning Points There is less oxygen available to breathe at the top of a mountain. The Earth's crust is divided up...
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The Amazon rainforest
Find out how deforestation in the Amazon rainforest affects the whole planet, and what is being done to stop it disappearing completely. People and places - Human impact on the environment - Humans on Earth Learning Points Deforestation...
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You are one big chemical reaction
Did you know you are one big walking talking chemical reaction? Material processes - Changing materials - Chemical reactions Learning Points Chemical reactions happen inside the human body. Respiration is a chemical reaction that...
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Why is the Statue of Liberty green?
Did you know that the Statue of Liberty hasn't always been green? Material processes - Changing materials - Chemical reactions Learning Points Chemical reactions produce new substances. Chemical changes always involve two or more...