We add a jelly baby to a boiling tube containing potassium chlorate. When the chemicals react, gas is rapidly produced. The screaming sound is created as the gas escapes from the tube. The sweet burns brightly as the reaction occurs....

We discover how to extract lead from lead(II) oxide. We mix lead(II) oxide with charcoal powder and then heat the mixture using a Bunsen burner. It glows bright red as a reaction occurs and after a few minutes we are left with pure lead....

We create an underwater volcano by placing a conical flask of hot coloured water in a tank of cold water. The hot coloured water rises through the cold, demonstrating convection. Physics - Energy And Radioactivity - Learning Points....

We examine the different properties of iron and sulfur when they are mixed and when they are chemically combined. When iron and sulfur are mixed they retain their individual properties. When they react chemically to form iron sulfide...

We demonstrate the effects of imbalances of pressure. A metal can is crushed by atmospheric pressure. We add some water to a can and boil it until the can is full of water vapour. It is then sealed and left to cool and after a few...

How the four sensory receptors in our skin, which detect heat, cold, pain and pressure, help us to feel an object, and can even help us tell if we like something or not. Biology - Being Human - Learning Points. The skin contains millions...

Explore the difficulties of extracting aluminium from its ore, and how the vast quantities of heat and electricity generated by electrolysis allow this to happen. Chemistry - ReactionsLearning Points. Aluminium is difficult to extract...

For centuries, humans have been extracting metals from molten ores. Today, the basic technique remains the same, but how does extraction work? Chemistry - Reactions - Learning Points. Metals can be extracted from rocks if they are heated...

Discover some geo-engineering techniques that scientists are developing to manipulate Earth's climate. What are they and how would they work? Earth Science - Human Impacts - Learning Points. Geo-engineering strives to use technology to...

Learn how our planet's landscapes, from mountains to hills, plateaus to plains, have been sculpted over millions of years by powerful geological forces. Earth Science - Geology - Learning Points. The planet's diverse landscape is shaped...

Climate varies across the world, producing distinct climate zones. Discover the many factors that create these differences. Earth Science - Weather - Learning Points. Climate varies across the world. The world can be divided into six...

We place two privet hedge shoots under different conditions to see how the amount of water they draw up will change. They are both placed in measuring cylinders with the same amount of water and a layer of oil is added to the top to...

We use a supersaturated solution of sodium ethanoate to demonstrate instant crystallisation. Sodium ethanoate is added to water and is then heated to allow all of the crystals to dissolve. When it is cooled it forms a supersaturated...

We look at how an incandescent light bulb can be made. First we attach a tungsten wire to electrodes in a flask of air and pass a current through the wire. The wire glows briefly before burning and breaking. Next we fill the flask with...

We use two cans, one painted black and the other painted white, to investigate heat absorption. The containers are placed in front of a heat source and the temperature change is recorded. This shows that the black container absorbs heat...

We compare two cans, one painted black and the other painted white, to see how quickly they lose heat. The containers are placed in front of a heat source and heated to the same temperature. The temperature in each container is recorded...

We use a metal ball and hoop to demonstrate heat expansion. When cool, the ball fits through the hoop, but there is little extra space. The ball is then heated over a Bunsen burner. When hot, the ball doesn't fit through the hoop. We see...

We look at how the mass of wire wool changes when it is burned. Wire wool is almost 99% iron. When we burn it, it combines chemically with oxygen from the air to form iron(III) oxide. The mass of the product is more than the mass of the...

What is wind and what are localised winds? Find out about the global cycles which take winds right across the world. Earth Science - Weather - Learning Points. Wind begins with the difference in air pressure. Air moves from areas of high...

The heat at the centre of our planet could fulfil all of our energy needs. Find out how some are already utilising geothermal power. Earth Science - Earth's Resources - Learning Points. Geothermal power is obtained from heat within the...

Discover how energy from the Sun is converted into different forms, and what happens to energy that is 'lost' from a system. Physics - Energy And Radioactivity - Learning Points. The Sun provides almost all the energy on Earth. Energy...

A delicate balancing act between the Sun and Earth makes ours the only known life-bearing planet in our Solar System. Physics - Our Solar System - Learning Points. Earth is the only planet with liquid water. If a planet is too close to...

In a metal, each metal atom readily gives up its outer shell electrons, resulting in a sea of free electrons flowing throughout a lattice of positively charged metal ions. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in...

Mass per unit of volume. A Twig Science Glossary Film. Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions. Twig Science Glossary Films reinforce abstract concepts and key curriculum...