You know ‘em, you love ‘em. They’re the powerhouse of the cell: mitochondria. They produce the ATP molecules that we use to do everything from talk to our friends to run a marathon. In this episode of Crash Course Biology, we’re taking a...

When someone gets a PET scan to detect tumors and how far a cancer has spread, that machine is actually detecting sugar. Because cancer has a sweet tooth, and this phenomenon, called the Warburg effect, may help us develop new cancer...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how reaction intermediates are created in elementary steps and may not appear as either a reactant or product. Experimentation is used in Chemistry to identify reaction intermediates.

For decades, lactic acid has taken the blame for the muscle pain you feel when you exercise - but does it really deserve its bad reputation?

Explore the process of aerobic cellular respiration and why ATP production is so important in this updated cellular respiration video by The Amoeba Sisters! This video compares the cellular respiration equation to photosynthesis before...

Paul Andersen details the processes of photosynthesis and respiration in this video on free energy capture and storage. Autotrophs use the light reactions and the Calvin cycle to convert energy from the Sun into sugars. Autotrophs and...

Paul Andersen describes how free energy is used by organisms to grow, maintain order, and reproduce. A brief discussion of the first and second law of thermodynamics is also included. Disruptions in the amount of free energy can cause...

What happens when you can't do aerobic cellular respiration because oxygen isn't available? Explore fermentation with The Amoeba Sisters! This video focuses on alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation, and it also mentions how...

In which Hank does some push ups for science and describes the "economy" of cellular respiration and the various processes whereby our bodies create energy in the form of ATP.

Paul Andersen explains the process of anaerobic respiration. This process involves glycolysis and fermentation and allows organisms to survive without oxygen. Lactic acid fermentation is used in animals and bacteria and uses lactate as...

Paul Andersen covers the processes of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration. He starts with a brief description of the two processes. He then describes the important parts of the mitochondria. He explains how energy is...

Glycolysis is the cytoplasmic process of breaking down one glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules, producing a net gain of 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 water molecules. It functions with or without oxygen—serving as the first step in...

Cellular respiration is the process through which the cell generates energy, in the form of ATP, using food and oxygen. The is a multistep biochemical process where food, primarily the carbohydrate glucose, is broken down to produce...

The study of chemical reactions in living organisms, the chemistry of life.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds using stunning images and concise textual definitions....

The thick liquidy medium that fills all cells, and is contained by the cell membrane. The cytoplasm is where most of the cell's chemical reactions, such as glycolysis, take place.
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Cellular respiration in the absence of oxygen. Like aerobic respiration, it converts glucose into usable energy, in the form of ATP.
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A Twig Science
Glossary Film.
Key scientific terms defined in just 60 seconds...

See how changing the tea or sugar used by a SCOBY biofilm impacts fermentation by measuring the biochemistry of the kombucha solution over time.

Fermentation analyzes the process of fermentation by describing how cells and organisms acquire and release energy.

Cellular Respiration analyzes the process of cellular respiration by describing how cells and organisms acquire and release energy.

Amino Acid Biosynthesis Biosynthesis of Chorismate

Glycolysis Allostery

This video is part of a series in which we do an overview of metabolism and pathways. Specifically, this video covers glycolysis, β-oxidation, glycogen metabolism, and lactose metabolism.

Alanine Biosynthesis

Cori Cycle Lactate Recycling