Cave explorer and geologist Francesco Sauro travels to the hidden continent under our feet, surveying deep, dark places inside the earth that humans have never been able to reach before. In the spectacular tepuis of South America, he...

400 years after Hudson found New York harbor, Eric Sanderson shares how he made a 3D map of Mannahatta's fascinating pre-city ecology of hills, rivers, wildlife -- accurate down to the block -- when Times Square was a wetland and you...

Mr. Andersen explains the law of superposition and the principle of original horizontality. He uses an animation to explain how rock layers can accumulate over time.

Around the world, there are lakes that disappear without warning. Then, even stranger, they come back! This can happen for lots of different reasons, and the fact that they vanish and reappear reveals some surprising connections.

It turns out life may have gotten its start pretty early in Earth's history, and while the first couple billion years saw several important developments, the period was still dominated by very simple life forms. This is our first...

The days of oil may be numbered, but there's another natural resource that's never been touched, Asteroids.

You might have heard that Earth is due for a complete flip of its magnetic field. And while our planet does have a history of this behavior, predictions of when it might happen are too complex to estimate a date for.

Everyone does it -- using oil, that is. But how much do we have left? How do scientists find it? And where are they looking for it now that the easiest pickings have been taken? Hank has the answers to the how, why and how...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how plate tectonics explains the large-scale system interactions on our planet. Large plates float on the mantle and interact to form the major landforms on the planet. Evidence for plate tectonics...

Water travels... a lot. In fact, the water cycle is amazing and takes water all over the planet by using evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. In this episode of Crash Course Kids, Sabrina shows us how the water cycle works and...

We’ve explored the origins of modern biology, the earth sciences, and even the sciences of outer space. Now it’s time to put these disciplines together. It's Ecology time!!!

It's Earth Science time!!!! In this field, natural philosophers were asking questions like, what’s up with fossils? Are they the remains of extinct organisms? Or are they so-called “sports of nature”—rocks that just happen to look like...

Around 74,000 years ago, a volcano called Toba in Sumatra exploded, and some scientists think it had a serious impact on the human population and some...don't.

Hank introduces us to Alfred Wegener, a voraciously curious guy who proposed the original theory of continental drift - and was laughed at for it.

No offense to that rock you may have on your finger, but these gems and minerals are so hard to find, they put most diamonds to shame.

While the weather in Iceland is often cold, wet, and windy, a nearly endless supply of heat bubbles away below the surface. In fact, almost every building in the country is heated by geothermal energy in a process with virtually no...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how rock is formed and changed on the planet. The video begins with a brief description of rocks, minerals, and the rock cycle. Plate tectonics is used to describe structure near plate boundaries. ...

Or why we live on an onion made of magma

Mr. Andersen describes how plate tectonics shapes our planet. Continental and oceanic platers are contrasted and major plate boundaries are discussed.

In this episode of Crash Course Kids, Sabrina talks about two of the four spheres that make up our planet; The Geosphere and the Biosphere. What's in these spheres? How do they affect us? How do they fit into the puzzle that is Earth?...

We've already talked about how the Earth is divided into four spheres (The Hydrosphere, the Biosphere, the Geosphere, and the Atmosphere). But, how do these different sphere interact with each other? In this episode of Crash Course Kids,...

This video uses a cake analogy to describe Earth's structure. It compares the Earth's crust to cake batter, the mantle to a mixed ingredient layer, and the core to the sweet, hot center of the cake—highlighting the different types of...

This video explores why and how Earth's tectonic plates shift. It highlights that plates float on the solid but flowable upper mantle, which acts like honey or syrup, slowly moving due to intense heat and pressure.

This video explains how all Earth's land used to form one supercontinent called Pangea and gradually split into separate continents through the process of continental drift. It details the discovery of this idea, how Earth's crust is...